Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geogrpahy - Globalisation > Eq1 + Eq2 > Flashcards

Eq1 + Eq2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of globalisation

A

Is the process of interaction and integration among people,companies and government worldwide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How has developments in trade and transport contributed to a ‘shrinking world’ ?

A

1500-1840 hours drawn cart and sail only 10mph

1850-1930s steam trains and ships

1950s propeller planes ( 300-400mph)

1955-present - containerships keep getting larger and reduce cost and increase efficiency of international shipping. And large jet planes carry more people further so reduce cost and time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is containerisation ?

A

Delivering the worlds goods, changing the worlds human geography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is container ship’s benefit?

A

The container ships keep on getting bigger (19224) containers, the huge distances between these ports make size important to keep costs down.

With more container’s means less fuel per container and thus cheaper prices.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is container ship problems?

A

Releases toxins .

Requires high levels of fuel

Wil have to be transported further from docking port

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the benefits of E-tailing?

A

Quick delivery times and companies like Amazon have reduced the costs of storing large numbers of items in warehouses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the problems with E tailing ?

A

Not good for environment

Governments can’t calculate level of business tax

Packaging is bad for the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is economic globalisation

A

the growth of TNC’s accelerates cross border exchanges of raw materials,components,finished manufactured goods,shares,portfolio investment and purchasing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is social globalisation?

A

international immigration has created extensive family networks that cross national borders -world city societies become multi- ethnic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How has social interconnectivity?

A

Has grown over time thanks to the spread of universal connections such as phones, the internet and emails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is e-tailing good for the economy?

A

Very good as a lot of money is generated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is e-tailing good for social benefits?

A

Good for social benefits you can get anything extremely quickly when you want

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the world bank aim to do and how do they do it?

A

Help emerging and developing countries with loans and grants to the governments of low and middle income countries for capital projects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How has the world banks aims enabled globalisation?

A

Allows emerging and developing countries to spend more money

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the imf aim to and how do they do it?

A

Encourage trade and growth and furthering international monetary cooperation and It tries to force countries to privatise government assets to increase the size of the private sector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does the imf enable globalisation?

A

Removes tariffs beteeen members
Creates barriers for non- member states by placing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the wto aim to do and do they do this ?

A

For fair trade across the world and for everyone to have an equal chance and it Removes barriers known as trade liberalisation. It advocates for this and seeks to encourage all trade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a trading bloc ? And an example?

A

A trading bloc is a type of intergovernmental agreement. Where regional barriers to international trade are reduced or eliminated amount the participating states

Examples of these are eu, North America free trade agreement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How has the Uk tried to promote globalisation?

A

Gave tax breaks eg - subsidies- to companies investing in areas such as London docklands. Almost all companies establishing themselves in Londons Canary Wharf development since the late 1990s have been given life-long tax breaks.

It also gave grants and subsidies to encourage foreign companies to locate new manufacturing plant in the Uk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How has china tried to promote globalisation ?

A

Open door policy to international business
Special economic zones in china led to European and American companies relating into one of the four zones due to advantages
These zone offer tax incentives and huge pools of cheap labour
By 2005, around 50% of Chinese exports come from foreign companies with connections in these zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the main criticism of the strategy used in the Uk

A

Many people lost there trades due to the removal of subsidies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the main criticism of the strategy used in the china ?

A

Cheap labour exploited for low wages and poor living standards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is EPZ ( economic processing zones) ?

A

are industrial estates that are fenced in for producing manufactured goods for export

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is SEZ ( special economic zone) ?

A

Set up by national governments to offer financial or tax incentives to attract FDI, which differ from those incentives normally offered by a country.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is an open door policy?

A

slowly introducing economic liberalisation and opening up to FDI while maintaining a strict one party political system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Why does china have strong links with Africa?

A

Because Africa has a lot of untouched and very useful resources whilst not having the resources to collect it effectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is opec and why is it so powerful?

A

OPEC is an Ito which represents 40% of global oil producers and therefor influences oil prices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

China is a major player in terms of both inflow and outflow of fdi ?

A

China is still the worlds largest recipient of fdi but due to its economic growth now china control flows of FDI with the BRICS. The brics now investment heavily in the USA and eu
Therefor china is a major player in the inflow and outflow of fdi due to the Brics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Advantages of kof ?

A

Wide range of globalisation data that is available

Allows for comparisons between countries

Used a weighting system that takes into account data and rebalances discrepancies

Informal economies are discounted and illegal migrrants not included

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Disadvantages of kof ?

A

Internet skews data

Bias - smaller countries are over-represented at the top

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the 3 main factors of how a country is rated ?

A

Economic,social and political globalisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How do they work out the rank for kof?

A

The three sets of indicators are then each aggregated into one value for each of economic,social and political interactions,which are then ranked. The index rankings and scores.

33
Q

What are the 4 main indicators used to measure the Kearney index ?

A

Political engagement ,technological connectivity , personal contact, economic integration

34
Q

Explain the differences between the kof and Kearney index?

A

The kof index uses more holistic indicators- the number of web severs rather than internet communications. Also uses more volume of trade as well as Fdi

35
Q

Advantages of Kearney index ?

A

Covers 84% of worlds population

Covers 96% of worlds gdp

Allows for comparison between countries

Allows for comparison over time

36
Q

Disadvantages of Kearney index ?

A

Weightings

Only 64 countries are included in the index

37
Q

What is global production networks ?

A

Link sources of raw materials, finance, manufacturing,marketing and scales globally

38
Q

What is outsourcing?

A

Work contracted out to another country

39
Q

What is offshoring ?

A

When a company does work oversee by using other companies

40
Q

What is switched on?

A

Increased connectedness- favour globalisation

41
Q

What is switched off ?

A

Against globalisation

42
Q

Define the term global shift ?

A

The movement of manufacturing from Europe and the USA to many Asian countries

43
Q

The most recent global shift (manufacturing from USA and Europe towards many Asian countries) was accelerated by what factors ?

A

India began to allow overseas companies access to their markets, with a new open door policy
TNC’s began to seek new areas for manufacturing
Fdi began to flow into the emerging or re-emerging Asian countries

44
Q

What was the benefits to china’s infrastructure after the global shift

A

The worlds longest highway network, linking all cities and provinces, worlds largest and fastest rail system, 82 airports had been built.

45
Q

What was the global shift to poverty in china after the global shift ?

A

300 million people to be considered middle class. Sales of consumer items have sky rocketed. Reduced the number of people living in poverty by 680 million.

46
Q

What were the benefits to the urban incomes in china after the global shift ?

A

Income has increased given population growth. Income is increased in urban areas

47
Q

What were the benefits to education and training in china after the global shift?

A

Education is feee and compulsory in china between the ages of 6 and 15. 94% of Chinese over the age of 15 are now literate compared to just 20% in 1950. This growth has helped create a skilled workforce for the economy.

48
Q

What were the costs to the farmland after the global shift in china ?

A

Over 3 million hectares of arable farmland has been polluted with heavy metals; 12 million tonnes of grain were polluted in 2014. The increased use of fertilisers and pesticides has also lead to farmland near rivers being taken out of production

49
Q

What were some of the costs to china after the global shift ?

A

Land prices have rocketed and made decent housing unaffordable, particularly near city centres

High air pollution causes by coal fired power stations

China has abundant oil,coal and iron but it’s resources can’t keep up with the demand so the government has sought resources from Africa and Asia.

50
Q

What is a mega city?

A

A large city with at least 10 million people

51
Q

Define hyper-urbanisation ?

A

Is rapid population growth in urban areas

52
Q

Why is New - Delhi experiencing hyper urbanisation?

A

A high birth rate and low death rate, results in high rate of natural increase in population
One of the worlds fastest rates of rural to urban migration.

53
Q

What are some of the push factors at play in New Delhi?

A

Poverty, drought and flooding, low pay ,lack of investment

54
Q

What are some of the pull factors at play in anew Delhi?

A

The rural poor, who lack of opportunities on their villages and who hope for a better future in the city

The rural rich, who move to cities to invest in urban property and provide a better education and standard of living for their families

Better pay,housing,opportunities,quality of life, services

55
Q

What are some of the environmental challenges at play for New Delhi?

A

India and Pakistan’s monsoon belt experience high intensity rain causing flooding and stress on the poorly built sewers

The WHO identified New Delhi the worst for air quality with 153 micrograms per m3. London had 16 micrograms

Sewage,chemical dumping from factories and fuel spillages are all increasing

56
Q

What are some of the social changes that have happened in New Delhi?

A

Challenges governments to provide basic services such as housing and education

In most developing countries, public services (like water) are privately not publicly owned so they will target high earners first, leaving squatter settlements to the end.

Half of worlds urban dwellers live in poverty

57
Q

What is an Elite migrant ?

A

Elite migrants are highly skilled/socially influential individuals

58
Q

What effect have these elite migrants had on London ?

A

As a result of elite migrants London is now a global property hotspot as a result overseas buyers have invested in a number of landmark London properties.

59
Q

What are low wage migrants

A

Cheap labour for example countries with small population who have labour shortages thus they recruit manual workers from overseas

60
Q

What are the effects of low wage migrants ?

A

The low wage migrants have led to the rapid building of infrastructure for high end international tourism and services

61
Q

What are the benefits to the host county’s of migrants

A

Receives skilled foreign workers

Fills skills shortage in key areas

Also gains lower - skilled workers for jobs which are difficult to fill

Can sustain a growing leisure sector, through gaining workers for restaurants,hotels and bars

62
Q

What are some source country benefits of migrants ?

A

Experiences reduce unemployment, as people emigrate to find jobs elsewhere
Earns remittance payments which are sent home by overseas migrants

63
Q

What are some source country’s problems?

A

Loses its most skilled and dynamic workers (brain drain)

Suffers an imbalanced population, many young people leave

64
Q

What are some host country problems?

A

Massive increase in illegal migrants entering the EU.

65
Q

What is capitalism

A

An economic system based on private ownership of investment capital and wealth production, whereby goods and services are sold for profit. A theory in which individuals look after their own individual interests first and foremost. Often referred to as a free market economy. In which market forces determine the price of any service or item produced

66
Q

What is communism?

A

A socio- economic system or organisation, where the land and all property is owned by the community or the state, so that everyone contributes and revenue according to there abilities and needs

67
Q

How has Cuba changed in recent years due to globalisation

A

In 1959 cuba was declared as a communist state, when he took over the country in a revolution that resulted in its isolation from western capitalist world for 50 years. Subsidies form the communist government in the ussr supported its economy until 1991. When the Soviet Union collapsed. After 1991,and the ending of subsidies from its main backer, cuba. Began a period of development that included accepting some foreign capital

Since 2008 when raul has been in power of cuba. Raul has had a relaxation of strict communist controls which has allowed free enterprise businesses to be set up for the first time in decades. Cubans have been able to buy and sel houses and cars set up private businesses. Thus cubas relationship with the USA has seen signs of thawing

However despite the political relaxation in Cuba the accomp

68
Q

Define and give examples of cultural diffusion of ‘westernised culture’?

A

The joint role played by European and North American countries in bringing about cultural change on a global scale. Several factors help explain the emergence of a western-influenced‘global culture’

69
Q

How has cultural change affected global media ?

A

The worlds largest global brands have enjoyed a golden age since 2000. Global shift and the rise of the new global middle class, have helped the 100 biggest brands to grow

70
Q

How has cultural change affected the los of tribunal lifestyles in Papua?

A

More members of rainforest tribes are becoming aware of western culture and lifestyle. Due to the tropical climate indigenous people traditionally wore little clothing however today Amazonian are wearing modern clothes

71
Q

How has cultural changed Paralympic movement

A

Attitudes towards disability are changing on a global scale. The un convention on the rights of persons with disabilities seeks to bring cultural change on a global scale in line with the universal declaration of human rights

72
Q

How has cultural affected the nutrition transition in Asia?

A

Traditional asian diets are often low in meat and high vegetables. This mix is giving way to more meat and fast food among the middle class

73
Q

What is Frances view on globalisation?

A

France is fiercely protective of its culture and language,particularly in a world heavily influenced by the internet and the English language.

The government is extremely supportive of French filmmakers and subsidies works filmed the French language. Under the local content law 40% of television output must consist of French production.

74
Q

How does china deal with globalisation?

A

The great firewall of china prevents internet users from using bbc or Facebook services. Chinas government sets a strict quota 34 foreign films a year

75
Q

What is cultural erosion?

A

cultural erosion (loss of language, traditional food, music, clothes, social relations (loss of tribal lifestyles in Papua New Guinea) has resulted in changes to the built and natural environment

76
Q

How has Iran resisted global culture?

A

The Islamic government led a backlash against Mattel’s Barrie dolls, which were confiscated from toy stores when the government denounced its un-Islamic image. Since the government has liberalised its position,partly because of the need for international cooperation against radicalism but because Iranian Youths were increasingly accessing banned social media such as twitter and Facebook

77
Q

How has France resisted global culture?

A

Paved a way in rejecting globalisation. To protect French culture from its agreements on trade. It limited how much foreign culture could be broadcast and 40% of broadcasts had to be French with no more than 55% American film imports

78
Q

What is political globalisation

A

The growth of trading blocs (eu) allows TNC’s to merge and make acquisitions of firms from other countries. Whilst reducing trade restrictions to help markets grow

Global concepts such as free trade.credit crunch and the global response to natural disasters

79
Q

What is cultural globalisation

A

Successful western cultural traits come to dominate in some territories ( Americanisation)

Geogrpahy - Globalisation (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions