EQ1

Question 1

migrants

Answer 1

people who move from one location (a source area) to a new location (a destination) permanently

Question 2

internal migration

Answer 2

within a country, e.g. from north of England to London

Question 3

external migration

Answer 3

between countries, e.g. UK citizen migrating to Germany

Question 4

global shift

Answer 4

the movement of jobs from developed countries such as the UK and USA, to new locations in emerging economies such as China and Mexico. It has affected both manufacturing and services

Question 5

golbalisation

Answer 5

economic process that has created wider, faster and deeper connections between places and contributed to the idea of the ‘shrinking world’

Question 6

rural-urban migration

Answer 6

involves people usually moving from their traditional homes in the countryside to towns and cities in search of work

Question 7

a free-trade area

Answer 7

is the result of a trade agreement removing taxes, tariffs and quotas on imports and exports so goods [and sometimes services] can move barrier-free across international boarders

Question 8

citizenship

Answer 8

means being a legal member of a sovereign state [country] with the rights that this brings, such as the right to vote, and live and work indefinitely in that sovereign state.

Question 9

visa

Answer 9

a legal document allowing a person to enter a foreign country. Visas have conditions setting out how long people can stay and whether or not they can work.

Question 10

net migration

Answer 10

is the difference between outflows or losses [emigration] and inflows or gains [immigration] over a period of time

Question 11

second generation migrants

Answer 11

are children of immigrants [the first generation]

Question 12

refugees

Answer 12

migrants forced to move across an international boarder to escape a threat (war, political persecution, genocide, famine or the impacts of natural disasters)

Question 13

asylum seekers

Answer 13

these are refugees who have applied for asylum, i.e. the right to remain in another country, and are awaiting a decision

Question 14

illegal immigrants

Answer 14

those who have entered a foreign country without documentation, but have done so voluntarily

Question 15

trafficked illegal migrants

Answer 15

people forced, or tricked, into migrating to a country who often end up as sex workers, or in modern slavery

Question 16

national identity

Answer 16

a sense of belonging to a country, based o widely held beliefs, traditions, shared history and shared national symbols

Question 17

capitalism

Answer 17

the worlds dominant economic system; it stresses private ownership of businesses, the profit motive, competition between businesses and freedom to trade goods and services

Question 18

the global elite

Answer 18

wealthy individuals with large assets, representing the richest 1% of the worlds people

Question 19

the host culture

Answer 19

refers to the majority, indigenous population of a country/ area e.g. white British in the UK

Question 20

remittances

Answer 20

money sent home by immigrants to their families in their country of origin

Question 21

a points-based immigration system

Answer 21

where potential immigrants are awarded points based on their skills, education level and other factors to determine whether they are needed.

Question 22

benefits of immigration for the host country

Answer 22

• taking employment in key social services e.g. the NHS
• new foods, fashion and arts
• greater cultural diversity makes a country more interesting an global
• fills labour shortages and skill gaps
• increases taxes paid to government
• boosts the average skill level
• offsets an ageing popuation
• boosts fertility rates

Question 23

costs of immigration for the host country

Answer 23

• pressure on schools and other social services
• segregated areas of low income migrants creates division
• some cultural traits are incompatible wit the host culture e.g. position of women in society
• downward pressure of wages, especially of the low paid
• risks displacing some host population workers
• leads to overpopulation and overcrowding
• pressure of housing and house prices rises