EQ1 Flashcards
migrants
people who move from one location (a source area) to a new location (a destination) permanently
internal migration
within a country, e.g. from north of England to London
external migration
between countries, e.g. UK citizen migrating to Germany
global shift
the movement of jobs from developed countries such as the UK and USA, to new locations in emerging economies such as China and Mexico. It has affected both manufacturing and services
golbalisation
economic process that has created wider, faster and deeper connections between places and contributed to the idea of the ‘shrinking world’
rural-urban migration
involves people usually moving from their traditional homes in the countryside to towns and cities in search of work
a free-trade area
is the result of a trade agreement removing taxes, tariffs and quotas on imports and exports so goods [and sometimes services] can move barrier-free across international boarders
citizenship
means being a legal member of a sovereign state [country] with the rights that this brings, such as the right to vote, and live and work indefinitely in that sovereign state.
visa
a legal document allowing a person to enter a foreign country. Visas have conditions setting out how long people can stay and whether or not they can work.
net migration
is the difference between outflows or losses [emigration] and inflows or gains [immigration] over a period of time
second generation migrants
are children of immigrants [the first generation]
refugees
migrants forced to move across an international boarder to escape a threat (war, political persecution, genocide, famine or the impacts of natural disasters)
asylum seekers
these are refugees who have applied for asylum, i.e. the right to remain in another country, and are awaiting a decision
illegal immigrants
those who have entered a foreign country without documentation, but have done so voluntarily
trafficked illegal migrants
people forced, or tricked, into migrating to a country who often end up as sex workers, or in modern slavery
national identity
a sense of belonging to a country, based o widely held beliefs, traditions, shared history and shared national symbols
capitalism
the worlds dominant economic system; it stresses private ownership of businesses, the profit motive, competition between businesses and freedom to trade goods and services
the global elite
wealthy individuals with large assets, representing the richest 1% of the worlds people
the host culture
refers to the majority, indigenous population of a country/ area e.g. white British in the UK
remittances
money sent home by immigrants to their families in their country of origin
a points-based immigration system
where potential immigrants are awarded points based on their skills, education level and other factors to determine whether they are needed.
benefits of immigration for the host country
- taking employment in key social services e.g. the NHS
- new foods, fashion and arts
- greater cultural diversity makes a country more interesting an global
- fills labour shortages and skill gaps
- increases taxes paid to government
- boosts the average skill level
- offsets an ageing popuation
- boosts fertility rates
costs of immigration for the host country
- pressure on schools and other social services
- segregated areas of low income migrants creates division
- some cultural traits are incompatible wit the host culture e.g. position of women in society
- downward pressure of wages, especially of the low paid
- risks displacing some host population workers
- leads to overpopulation and overcrowding
- pressure of housing and house prices rises
