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Geography superpowers > EQ1 > Flashcards

EQ1 Flashcards

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1
Q

a superpower

A

a nation with the means to project its power and influence anywhere in the world, and to be a dominant global force

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2
Q

a hyperpower

A

an unchallenged superpower that is dominant in all aspects of power e.g. USA 1990-2010 and Britain 1850-1910 (due to the British Empire and colonies)

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3
Q

why is the USA seen as a superpower/ hyperpower?

A
  • largest gold reserves
  • GDP $18 trillion
  • $204 billion spent here by tourists
  • military power - over 13,000 aircrafts, number 1 in submarines and destroyers
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4
Q

characteristics needed for a country to be a superpower

A
  • natural resources
  • globalisation - involvement in flows
  • economic stability
  • military power
  • cultural influence
  • geographical location
  • political influence
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5
Q

hard power

A

using military and economic influence (trade deals, sanctions) to force another country to act in a particular way.

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6
Q

soft power

A

more subtle persuasion of countries to act in particular ways, on the basis that the persuader is respected and appealing. Includes political persuasion (diplomacy) and cultural influence

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7
Q

sources of power

A 
economic
cultural
political
demographic 
natural resources 
military
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8
Q

economic

A

a large total GDP gives countries the wealth needed to be a global player

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9
Q

political

A

leading, rather than following, within global organisations such as the UN, IMF and WTO

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10
Q

military

A

nuclear weapons, a large navy and airforce are required to threaten or force a country’s will on others

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11
Q

cultural

A

having ideas, art, music, food and fashion that other people find appealing is a source of power

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12
Q

demographic

A

power requires people, to support large economy and the military

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13
Q

who makes up the security council

A 
USA
UK
France
China
Russia
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14
Q

a uni-polar world

A

the world is dominated by the one superpower e.g the British Empire

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15
Q

a bi-polar world

A

a world in which 2 superpowers, with differing ideologies, compete for power e.g. the Cold War (USSR & USA)

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16
Q

a multi-polar world

A

more complex

a world with many superpowers and emerging powers

17
Q

imperialism

A

a relationship of political, economic or cultural control between geographical areas

18
Q

colonisation

A

the physical setting of people from a colonial power within their colony

19
Q

the post colonial phase

A

after ww2 with Englands economy recovering and mounting pressure fr independence from colonised territories, British colonial rule throughout the world weakened

the British empire was transformed into the Commonwealth in which numerous states gained independence, but voluntarily associated with Great Britain

20
Q

the imperial phase

A

some historians refer to 1815-1914 as Britains ‘imperial century’

during this period there was a unique expansion of formal empire: rather than securing authority and influence through cultural, commercial and diplomatic means, there was increasing resort to the direct rule of colonies

21
Q

the mercantilist phase

A

the central economic policy for the empire before the shift to free trade in the 1840s

mercantilism is an economic theory practise, commonly used in Britain, France and the major European nations from the 16th to the 18th century that promoted governmental regulation of a nations economy for the purpose of expanding state power at the expense of rival national powers

it involves a national economic policy aimed at accumulating monetary reserves through a positive balance of trade, especially of finished goods

e.g. building overseas colonies

22
Q

importance of navy and military

A
  • protects trade routes
  • the navy provides a link between the home country and overseas countries
  • British empire was founded soon exploration and sea power
23
Q

what was the extent of the British empire in the 1920s

A

they ruled over 20% of the worlds population and 25% of the worlds land area

24
Q

communism

A 
social objective is equality
dictatorship/ one party state
workers employed by the state
businesses belong to the state
government planned economy
25
Q

capitalism

A 
businesses are privately owned 
social objective is freedom
workers employed by profit making individuals
democracy with elected leader
free market economy
26
Q

socialism

A

a political and economic theory of social organisation which advocates that the means of production, distribution and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole

27
Q

neocolonialism

A

a form of indirect control over developing countries

means new colonialism, where countries remain under control from overseas even though their supposedly independent

its a form of economic imperialism rather than political

direct political control decreased whilst economic control increased

28
Q

who are the BRIC(S) nations

A 
Brazil
Russia
India
China
(South Africa)
29
Q

G20 major economies

A

made up by 19 countries and the EU and includes some emerging powers

30
Q

who are the MINT nations

A 
Mexico
Indonesia
Nigeria 
Turkey 
the next economic giants
31
Q

modernisation theory

A

‘take-off model’
suggests that economic development only begins when certain pre-conditions are met: modern infrastructure, education, education, banking and effective government

32
Q

dependancy theory

A

argues that the relationship between developed and developing countries is one of dependancy: this prevents developing countries from making economic progress

neo-colonial mechanisms and a net transfer of wealth from developing to developed world are responsible

33
Q

world systems theory

A

does not see the world in Frank’s developed versus developing world terms, but rather as a global system of core, semi-periphery nations

the semi-periphery countries are the emerging economies, some of which are emerging superpowers

Geography superpowers (3 decks)

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