EQ1

Question 1

a superpower

Answer 1

a nation with the means to project its power and influence anywhere in the world, and to be a dominant global force

Question 2

a hyperpower

Answer 2

an unchallenged superpower that is dominant in all aspects of power e.g. USA 1990-2010 and Britain 1850-1910 (due to the British Empire and colonies)

Question 3

why is the USA seen as a superpower/ hyperpower?

Answer 3

• largest gold reserves
• GDP $18 trillion
• $204 billion spent here by tourists
• military power - over 13,000 aircrafts, number 1 in submarines and destroyers

Question 4

characteristics needed for a country to be a superpower

Answer 4

• natural resources
• globalisation - involvement in flows
• economic stability
• military power
• cultural influence
• geographical location
• political influence

Question 5

hard power

Answer 5

using military and economic influence (trade deals, sanctions) to force another country to act in a particular way.

Question 6

soft power

Answer 6

more subtle persuasion of countries to act in particular ways, on the basis that the persuader is respected and appealing. Includes political persuasion (diplomacy) and cultural influence

Question 7

sources of power

Answer 7

economic
cultural
political
demographic 
natural resources 
military

Question 8

economic

Answer 8

a large total GDP gives countries the wealth needed to be a global player

Question 9

political

Answer 9

leading, rather than following, within global organisations such as the UN, IMF and WTO

Question 10

military

Answer 10

nuclear weapons, a large navy and airforce are required to threaten or force a country’s will on others

Question 11

cultural

Answer 11

having ideas, art, music, food and fashion that other people find appealing is a source of power

Question 12

demographic

Answer 12

power requires people, to support large economy and the military

Question 13

who makes up the security council

Answer 13

USA
UK
France
China
Russia

Question 14

a uni-polar world

Answer 14

the world is dominated by the one superpower e.g the British Empire

Question 15

a bi-polar world

Answer 15

a world in which 2 superpowers, with differing ideologies, compete for power e.g. the Cold War (USSR & USA)

Question 16

a multi-polar world

Answer 16

more complex

a world with many superpowers and emerging powers

Question 17

imperialism

Answer 17

a relationship of political, economic or cultural control between geographical areas

Question 18

colonisation

Answer 18

the physical setting of people from a colonial power within their colony

Question 19

the post colonial phase

Answer 19

after ww2 with Englands economy recovering and mounting pressure fr independence from colonised territories, British colonial rule throughout the world weakened

the British empire was transformed into the Commonwealth in which numerous states gained independence, but voluntarily associated with Great Britain

Question 20

the imperial phase

Answer 20

some historians refer to 1815-1914 as Britains ‘imperial century’

during this period there was a unique expansion of formal empire: rather than securing authority and influence through cultural, commercial and diplomatic means, there was increasing resort to the direct rule of colonies

Question 21

the mercantilist phase

Answer 21

the central economic policy for the empire before the shift to free trade in the 1840s

mercantilism is an economic theory practise, commonly used in Britain, France and the major European nations from the 16th to the 18th century that promoted governmental regulation of a nations economy for the purpose of expanding state power at the expense of rival national powers

it involves a national economic policy aimed at accumulating monetary reserves through a positive balance of trade, especially of finished goods

e.g. building overseas colonies

Question 22

importance of navy and military

Answer 22

• protects trade routes
• the navy provides a link between the home country and overseas countries
• British empire was founded soon exploration and sea power

Question 23

what was the extent of the British empire in the 1920s

Answer 23

they ruled over 20% of the worlds population and 25% of the worlds land area

Question 24

communism

Answer 24

social objective is equality
dictatorship/ one party state
workers employed by the state
businesses belong to the state
government planned economy

Question 25

capitalism

Answer 25

businesses are privately owned 
social objective is freedom
workers employed by profit making individuals
democracy with elected leader
free market economy

Question 26

socialism

Answer 26

a political and economic theory of social organisation which advocates that the means of production, distribution and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole

Question 27

neocolonialism

Answer 27

a form of indirect control over developing countries

means new colonialism, where countries remain under control from overseas even though their supposedly independent

its a form of economic imperialism rather than political

direct political control decreased whilst economic control increased

Question 28

who are the BRIC(S) nations

Answer 28

Brazil
Russia
India
China
(South Africa)

Question 29

G20 major economies

Answer 29

made up by 19 countries and the EU and includes some emerging powers

Question 30

who are the MINT nations

Answer 30

Mexico
Indonesia
Nigeria 
Turkey 
the next economic giants

Question 31

modernisation theory

Answer 31

‘take-off model’
suggests that economic development only begins when certain pre-conditions are met: modern infrastructure, education, education, banking and effective government

Question 32

dependancy theory

Answer 32

argues that the relationship between developed and developing countries is one of dependancy: this prevents developing countries from making economic progress

neo-colonial mechanisms and a net transfer of wealth from developing to developed world are responsible

Question 33

world systems theory

Answer 33

does not see the world in Frank’s developed versus developing world terms, but rather as a global system of core, semi-periphery nations

the semi-periphery countries are the emerging economies, some of which are emerging superpowers