EQ1

Question 1

Kilburn

Answer 1

• NW London, Irish and Asian
• IRA, shops selling saris
• Asian events, Aamir Khan, Wembley Arena
• main entrance/exit to/from London, connected to M1, leads to Brum (Asian communities)

Question 2

Place

Answer 2

• sense of place: natural+cultural features, people who live there
• ‘place’ = highly subjective
• internal + external (global factors) influence area
• shared meanings of a place
• places = dynamic, constantly changing: people who live there, physical geo
• politics, services, physical geo, heritage, buildings, spaces, population, ethnicity, cultural change, local customs, socio-economic groups, employment, level of education, crime, recreation, house prices

Question 3

Berkshire

Answer 3

• 6.4% population increase from 2001-2011
• 2010: high migrant fertility rates
• 1960s baby boom
• M4
• asian enclaves, after war: wind rush generation
• A8 border opening
• London daily commuters, access Heathrow, airport
• Grammar Schools, good education access
• Windsor Castle, tourism
• 10,000 new schools needed
• 420 babies per month, Wexham Hospital
• more stress on education + healthcare
• 3rd highest fertility rates
• 2.29 children born per mother, global average:2.1
• lowest proportion of young benefit claimants
• best school grades, third highest wages
• north south divide due to deindustrialisation
• London: expensive, people forced out
• 83% of UK population in 53% of UK’s land space
• slough trading estate, Oracle, BMW, O2

Question 4

Belfast

Answer 4

• de-multiplier affect
• closure of heavy industry (Harland&Woolf)
• catholic population disadvantaged
• protestants vs. catholics
• Queen’s University Belfast (refocus on engineering)
• harbour exchange / belfast city airport - opened on reclaimed land
• 6.6% ethnic minorities
• titanic quarter redeveloped - tourism
• Belfast Town Centre vs. online shopping
• inner city population fallen: mainly elderly, more catholics than protestants, closure of heavy industry
• south rich, west poor
• segregation = tension
• HBO studios opened on derelict land
• BREXIT: reduce port traffic
• 5,000 muslim families, 200 hindu in Belfast

Question 5

Main global changes

Answer 5

• increased air/sea traffic
• resentment towards new groups arriving in countries/cities
• Japanese/South Korean competition for factories
• urban development corporations set-up to redevelop industrial areas
• increased global connections (media, money, people)
• big increase in migration
• global consumer spending has slowed

Question 6

urban fringe

Answer 6

countryside lost to urban growth
no planning controls
reurbanised for youth, unis, clubs, jobs

Question 7

commuter belt

Answer 7

counter urbanisation led to dormitory towns, access for workers, commuters to get to urban areas

Question 8

remote countryside

Answer 8

takes a long time to get there, leisure, recreation (older/upper class)
poor road access
mechanisation of agriculture = unemployment
rural depopulation/RUM

Question 9

accessible countryside

Answer 9

beyond commuter territory 
developed - access to city
space, clean air, less crime, quiet
farmers/farm land
2nd homes
middle class residents

Question 10

retirement villages

Answer 10

cleaner air
closer community
less crime
higher life expectancy

Question 11

North Antrim Coast

Answer 11

area of outstanding beauty 
giants causeway - UNESCO world heritage site 
Ballintoy - GOT
Bushmills - whiskey production 
Royal Portrush - golf open 
Belfast connected - M1, A26
Protestant 
coastal erosion + mountainous - creates landscapes for filming 
causeway coast - limits planning 
preserve culture
high dependency ratio 
retirement housing 
hour away from closes airport 
seasonal economy 
deindustrialisation - shipbuilding collapse

Question 12

Londonderry (Derry)

Answer 12

City of Culture 2010
River Foyle and Peace Bridge
Catholic side of Derry - Bogside
Walkers Column - blown up by IRA 1973
Londonderry Port and City of Derry Airport
Controlled by unionists but nationalist majority
‘border city’
US personnel stationed in city during ww2
- military personnel - economic buoyancy
- airfields built
- influx of trade from military convoys
- after war - population decline, less demand for services
- unemployment

Question 13

Growing Slough

Answer 13

previously known for being miserable
fastest growing city in the Uk
international influences
close to heathrow and london
crossrail = inc. in house prices = grown by 50% since 2009
well maintained road network
multi-cultural
slough trading estate - attracts other businesses
Mars, O2, Blackberry…
4 grammar schools
lowest proportion of young benefits claimers
planned high speed railway - faster connectivity to London

Question 14

London

Answer 14

51% ethnic minority
technology - knowledge of migrant destination - makes movement easier
rural areas: wealthy, elderly, families
white british = outer boroughs
air-raid shelters were = afro-caribbean in south london
bangladeshi = east london
chinese = dispersed, where businesses are
coastal areas = homogeneous - seasonal employment
middle east= religious barriers = homogeneous

Question 15

homogeneity

Answer 15

population is all the same

UNESCO can preserve a culture in a location

Question 16

heterogeneity

Answer 16

population is diverse / mixed up

Question 17

apartheid

Answer 17

racial segregation e.g. South Africa

Question 18

bridge-headers

Answer 18

joining families in another country/location

Question 19

segregation

Answer 19

\+
social cohesion 
keeps cultural values 
specialist shops e.g. halal meat
places of worship 
protection against attacks

• lack of trust with other races and communities, job income is lower
  discrimination (jobs, income, estate agents)
  language barriers

every place built - 20% affordable housing

Question 20

theory 1: invasion/succession

Answer 20

new immigrants move and dominate/take over areas/neighbourhoods
start at centre, greater degree of filling
white flight - move outward
previous generation ‘break-point’
some don’t mind, but want to leave when there are too many
black = prefer mixed areas, shows they are accepting of other ethnicities
whites = like mixed, up to 10%, want to be majority
racial instability = white flight
gets labelled a ‘ghetto;

Question 21

theory 2: filtering

Answer 21

people make their own choices
whites don’t mind blacks if they are in the minority (10/20%)
blacks like mixed community - but min. is 30%, don’t want to feel like they are in the minority
when area gets to 15-20% blacks, whites decide not to buy
house prices = decrease
blacks can enter newly vacated areas - tipping point
demand comes down = prices go down
blacks with less money can enter area = majority = white flight
house prices + ethnicities = correlation

Question 22

Chicago segregation

Answer 22

whites didn’t sell property to blacks
if blacks entered, attacked
estate agents increased their turnover by moving blacks into selected areas, to encourage whites to move out
blacks in 1950s lived in exclusivelly black districts
make up 12% of USA population
USA in 1950s - hypersegregated

Question 23

Dorset (Wessex)

Answer 23

area of outstanding beauty
Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site
agriculture = tourism (main industry in summer)
no motorways, only A roads
idyllic - picturesque, peaceful, blissful, low population, white British, older age
losing rurality
global prices undercut the prosperous agriculture
2.8% long term employment
below than national avg. for crime, but higher than surrounding communities
not many educational opportunities
pass down family farms
400,000 tourists in the summer, 2017
isolated from services
high dependency ratio
sizes of schools increasing
want to keep rurality - unique to Dorset
98% of England population live in accessible rural areas

Question 24

rural

Answer 24

bad connectivity
lacking public transport and is expensive
2nd home owners - so area is quite/services operate seasonally
major employers and education is distant

Question 25

Lymington, rural NA coast

Answer 25

honeypot sites - urban-day trippers looking for leisure and recreation
seasonal employment
gov. can interfere and turn them into expansion projects (green belt)
£18mil Giant’s Causeway Visitor Centre
2 hourly translink service to Londonderry
90min drive to belfast
2nd highest teenage pregnancy rate - 4.3
social deprivation = unnoticed
age= reason why areas are perceived differently

Question 26

commuter belt

Answer 26

result of suburbanisation + decentralisation
city grows in population
want to leave urban problems (house prices + poor environment)§

Question 27

accessible rural

Answer 27

retired people
day-tripper tourists in honeypot locations
promote jobs in tourism

Question 28

remote rural

Answer 28

suffered from deprivation
urbanisation push factors
spiral of decline - high dependency ratio

Question 29

Evesham

Answer 29

market town
23,576 people
fertile soil, gardening at a commercial scale
lots of caravans - law doesn’t cover these dwellings
low paid agricultural work
english lessons not provided - not enough for a class
tension created due to language barriers
schools need more EAL assistants
56% increase in population
seasonal employment but Poles are staying
competition for houses not jobs
British workers aren’t turning up for jobs
agriculture = more commercialised, intensive with large machinery - bothers locals
spoils idea of rural idyll that drew people in initially
deprivation - due to seasonal work
social exclusion - unaffordable housing
some abuse benefits system, remittances - local economy doesn’t benefit

Question 30

social progress

Answer 30

can be measured by reduction in inequalities between areas and within them
measured by improvements in social measures of deprivation and demographic changes and life expectancy

Question 31

indicators

Answer 31

rate of population change
migration
age structure 
ethnic mix
family size
life expectancy 
employment type
household income
minimum wage
social benefits 
index of multiple deprivation

Question 32

Brazil

Answer 32

connecting slums to street level
Operations Centre 2010 - all crime reported, city operations monitored
NGOs: Santa Marta church, construction-workers training classes
AfroReggae- social activities, musical education
Bairro Project - local residents have material to construct permanent accommodation
Armoured trucks that evict gangs

Question 33

Northern Ireland management

Answer 33

wall created as a barrier/division
catholics were cutting off shipment from protestants
protestants shot cannons
car bomb in Derry recent = failed management
modern day generation = more accepting
peace bridge - encourages peace, but not perfect
police monitoring cars