EQ1 Flashcards
What are the different ways which we can measure development?
What do they measure (social, economic)?
GDP per capita (economic) Poverty line (economic) Inequality (social) Safe water (social) Literacy rate (social)
How is GDP per Capita measured? Does it get higher or lower as it develops? What does it measure?
The total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year (in US $).
Dividing this by the population gives GDP per person (or capita)
It gets higher.
It measures wealth of a country
How is gender inequality index measured? Does it get higher or lower as it develops? What does it measure?
A number that calculated using data on eg. women’s education, access to jobs, political rights and health during pregnancy.
the higher the score, the more inequality
It measures women’s rights
What does it show us when we measure inequality?
It shows how equally wealth is shared among the population.
It includes how much of the GDP is owned by the wealthiest and poorest 10% of the population
How do we measure literacy rate? Does it get higher or lower as it develops? What does it measure?
The percentage of the population who can read and write over the age of 15.
It is a measure of education
It gets higher
What does it mean if it is a developing country? What would the population structure look like?
A country with a low human development
A wide base which rapidly narrows due to high birth rate and low life expectancy.
What does it mean if its a country is emerging? What would the population structure look like?
A country with a medium or high human development
The base of the pyramid starts to narrow and top starts to widen
What does it mean if its a country is Developed? What would the population structure look like?
A country with a very high human development
The top of the pyramid widens further and the base gets narrower so the middle bulges out.
What is Fertility rate? Does it get higher or lower as it develops? What does it measure?
Average number of births per women
It is a measure of women’s rights
It gets lower
What is Human development index (HDI)
This is a number calculated using life expectancy, education level, access to jobs, political rights and health during pregnancy.
It is measured between 0 and 1. The higher the score the more developed the country is
What is death rate? Does it get higher or lower as it develops? What does it measure?
Number of deaths per 1000 people per year
It is a measure of health
It gets lower
What is birth rate? Does it get higher or lower as it develops? What does it measure?
Number of live births per 1000 people per year
It is a measure of women’s rights
It gets lower
What is maternal mortality? Does it get higher or lower as it develops? What does it measure?
Number of mothers per 100,000 who die at childbirth
It is a measure of health care
It gets lower
What is infant mortality? Does it get higher or lower as it develops? What does it measure?
Number of live births per 1000 who die before their first birthday
It is a measure of healthcare
It gets lower
What is meant when they say that the world is increasing at an “exponential rate”?
Its growing faster and faster
Why is it better to use more than one measure of development?
Because as a country develops some aspects develop before others therefore it can be a bit misleading.
Why would developing countries have:
- high death rate
- higher fertility and birth rate
- As there is no use of contraception due to families not being able to afford it.
- poor health care means lots of children die. This means families have more than usual as there is a higher chance that some of their children will die
- life expectancy is low due to poor health care
Why can climate affect a countries development?
- if a country has a poor climate not much will grow (too hot/cold) reducing amount of food which can cause malnutrition. Malnourished people have a lower quality of life.
- people will have fewer crops to sell meaning they have less to spend on goods and services reducing their quality of life
Why can the shape of land affect a countries development?
If the land is steep the. It wont produce a lot of food. It can also make transport difficult limiting trade and making it hard to provide services.
Why can education affect development?
Education produces more skilled people meaning they will get more skilled jobs which normally allow more money to be earned. This results in more tax for the country making them more money to spend on developing the country.
How can health affect development?
If people are ill they cannot work meaning no income is coming in and they cannot contribute to the economy or pay taxes. The person who is ill will more than likely need health care which costs money. This means the country will have less to spend on development
How has colonialism affected development
Countries that were colonised relied on European countries and removed their raw materials meaning they have less to trade with
How has economic and political decisions affected development?
Corrupt governments will take money thats intended for building new infrastructure and developing the country
How has the fact that Malawi is landlocked affected its development?
- it has no port to export its goods or import goods
- The railway is low-tech. They are slow and heavy
- the nearest coast is Mozambique (800 kilometres away)
- Malawis importa come on the return train home. The extra journey makes them more expensive for businesses
