EQ1

Question 1

What are the different ways which we can measure development?
What do they measure (social, economic)?

Answer 1

GDP per capita (economic)
Poverty line (economic)
Inequality (social)
Safe water (social)
Literacy rate (social)

Question 2

How is GDP per Capita measured? Does it get higher or lower as it develops? What does it measure?

Answer 2

The total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year (in US $).
Dividing this by the population gives GDP per person (or capita)
It gets higher.
It measures wealth of a country

Question 3

How is gender inequality index measured? Does it get higher or lower as it develops? What does it measure?

Answer 3

A number that calculated using data on eg. women’s education, access to jobs, political rights and health during pregnancy.
the higher the score, the more inequality
It measures women’s rights

Question 4

What does it show us when we measure inequality?

Answer 4

It shows how equally wealth is shared among the population.

It includes how much of the GDP is owned by the wealthiest and poorest 10% of the population

Question 5

How do we measure literacy rate? Does it get higher or lower as it develops? What does it measure?

Answer 5

The percentage of the population who can read and write over the age of 15.
It is a measure of education
It gets higher

Question 6

What does it mean if it is a developing country? What would the population structure look like?

Answer 6

A country with a low human development

A wide base which rapidly narrows due to high birth rate and low life expectancy.

Question 7

What does it mean if its a country is emerging? What would the population structure look like?

Answer 7

A country with a medium or high human development

The base of the pyramid starts to narrow and top starts to widen

Question 8

What does it mean if its a country is Developed? What would the population structure look like?

Answer 8

A country with a very high human development

The top of the pyramid widens further and the base gets narrower so the middle bulges out.

Question 9

What is Fertility rate? Does it get higher or lower as it develops? What does it measure?

Answer 9

Average number of births per women
It is a measure of women’s rights
It gets lower

Question 10

What is Human development index (HDI)

Answer 10

This is a number calculated using life expectancy, education level, access to jobs, political rights and health during pregnancy.
It is measured between 0 and 1. The higher the score the more developed the country is

Question 11

What is death rate? Does it get higher or lower as it develops? What does it measure?

Answer 11

Number of deaths per 1000 people per year
It is a measure of health
It gets lower

Question 12

What is birth rate? Does it get higher or lower as it develops? What does it measure?

Answer 12

Number of live births per 1000 people per year
It is a measure of women’s rights
It gets lower

Question 13

What is maternal mortality? Does it get higher or lower as it develops? What does it measure?

Answer 13

Number of mothers per 100,000 who die at childbirth
It is a measure of health care
It gets lower

Question 14

What is infant mortality? Does it get higher or lower as it develops? What does it measure?

Answer 14

Number of live births per 1000 who die before their first birthday
It is a measure of healthcare
It gets lower

Question 15

What is meant when they say that the world is increasing at an “exponential rate”?

Answer 15

Its growing faster and faster

Question 16

Why is it better to use more than one measure of development?

Answer 16

Because as a country develops some aspects develop before others therefore it can be a bit misleading.

Question 17

Why would developing countries have:

• high death rate
• higher fertility and birth rate

Answer 17

• As there is no use of contraception due to families not being able to afford it.
• poor health care means lots of children die. This means families have more than usual as there is a higher chance that some of their children will die
• life expectancy is low due to poor health care

Question 18

Why can climate affect a countries development?

Answer 18

• if a country has a poor climate not much will grow (too hot/cold) reducing amount of food which can cause malnutrition. Malnourished people have a lower quality of life.
• people will have fewer crops to sell meaning they have less to spend on goods and services reducing their quality of life

Question 19

Why can the shape of land affect a countries development?

Answer 19

If the land is steep the. It wont produce a lot of food. It can also make transport difficult limiting trade and making it hard to provide services.

Question 20

Why can education affect development?

Answer 20

Education produces more skilled people meaning they will get more skilled jobs which normally allow more money to be earned. This results in more tax for the country making them more money to spend on developing the country.

Question 21

How can health affect development?

Answer 21

If people are ill they cannot work meaning no income is coming in and they cannot contribute to the economy or pay taxes. The person who is ill will more than likely need health care which costs money. This means the country will have less to spend on development

Question 22

How has colonialism affected development

Answer 22

Countries that were colonised relied on European countries and removed their raw materials meaning they have less to trade with

Question 23

How has economic and political decisions affected development?

Answer 23

Corrupt governments will take money thats intended for building new infrastructure and developing the country

Question 24

How has the fact that Malawi is landlocked affected its development?

Answer 24

• it has no port to export its goods or import goods
• The railway is low-tech. They are slow and heavy
• the nearest coast is Mozambique (800 kilometres away)
• Malawis importa come on the return train home. The extra journey makes them more expensive for businesses

Question 25

How has Malawis terms of trade affected its development?

Answer 25

It imports more than it exports ( Imports=12.5 billion, Exports=1.3 billion)

They export raw materials

Question 26

How has colonisation and cash crops affected Malawis development

Answer 26

Over 80% of its population work in farming and depend on cash crops to make money

As they are commodities, farmers never know what price they will get as they are global market prices.

Plantations that were developed by the British during their ownership still remain and some by British ownership.

They hire local landless labourers that only get paid 1p per kg.

Question 27

How has Global trade and international relation affected malawis development?

Answer 27

Malawi exports raw coffee beans not roasted which would increase their profit.

It is cheaper for European or American coffee companies to roast beans rather than buying them fresh from Malawi.

Question 28

Why is Malawis changing climate affecting its growth?

Answer 28

Rainfall in Malawi has been lower since 2000 compared to the 20th century.

The rainy season has been shorter so rivers have dried up resulting in crop yields falling.

In 2012, heavy rain damaged and reduced Malawis maize harvest by 7% and 10,000 families were made homeless by flooding.

Question 29

How has rural isolation affected Malawis growth?

Answer 29

85% of the population libe in rural areas (highest in the world)

Poor infrastructure means its hard to get to rural towns and markets. Farmers can be cut iff and so cant sell their goods.

Landline and mobile phone coverage is limited as well as internet coverage.

Question 30

What is rostows theory? What are the stages?

Answer 30

He believed that countries should pass through five stages of development
Stage 1: Traditional society - most people work in agriculture

Stage 2: Pre takeoff society - theres a shift from farming to manufacturing

Stage 3: Take off stage - growth is rapid. Investment and technology create new manufacturing industries

Stage 4: Drive to maturity - technology is used throughout the economy

Stage 5: High mass consumption - a period of comfort. Consumers enjoy a wide range of goods.

Question 31

What is Franks Dependancy Model?

Answer 31

The core represents the developed powerful nations

The periphery consists of the other countries which produced raw materials to sell to the core.