EQ1 - 4.1: Geology and past processes have influenced the physical landscape of the UK.

Question 1

What are the three rock types?

Answer 1

Igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary.

Question 2

Name one or more examples of an igneous rock.

Answer 2

Granite.

Question 3

Where would you mostly find igneous rock?

Answer 3

The uplands.

Question 4

Name one or more examples of a metamorphic rock.

Answer 4

Schists and slates

Question 5

Where would you mostly find metamorphic rock?

Answer 5

The uplands.

Question 6

Name one or more examples of a sedimentary rock.

Answer 6

Chalk, limestone and clay.

Question 7

Where would you mostly find sedimentary rock?

Answer 7

The lowlands.

Question 8

How are igneous rocks made?

Answer 8

It is created when a volcano erupts under the surface of the Earth and cools there. It is called intrusive rock and has large crystals because it cools slower.

Question 9

How are metamorphic rocks made?

Answer 9

They are created when existing rock compacts together and is exposed to extreme heat or pressure (for example if a volcano erupted underwater and compacted together with other rocks, the pressure of the sea floor would create metamorphic rock).

Question 10

How is sedimentary rock made?

Answer 10

It is created when a volcano erupts above the surface of the Earth and cools there. It is called extrusive rock and has small crystals because it cools faster.

Question 11

What is the Tees-Exe line?

Answer 11

It’s the line that separates the different geologys of the uplands and the lowlands.

Question 12

What is the uplands?

Answer 12

The uplands is an area in the UK. It is the northern part of the UK and includes the north of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales. It’s the area of the UK that was eroded by the glaciers in the ice age. It includes the Lake District.

Question 13

What is the highest point in the Lake District?

Answer 13

Scafell Pike (978m)

Question 14

Describe freeze thaw weathering.

Answer 14

Freeze thaw weathering is where water gets into cracks in the rock during the day. Then at night, the water freezes and the rock expands by 10%. This happens every night and over time, it erodes away the rock.

Question 15

What is a misfit stream?

Answer 15

It’s a small stream left in a massive valley after a glacier has melted. It’s called this because it seems impossible that a small stream of that size could erode a massive valley. It doesn’t fit in therefore it is a misfit.

Question 16

How has the ice age formed the land of the uplands?

Answer 16

The ice age brought in glaciers that eroded mountains and valleys from the once flat land. After the glaciers melted, water left from them collected anywhere that was deep enough creating lakes. The Lake District has 13 of these large glacial lakes hence the name ‘Lake District’.

Question 17

Describe the slope process in the Lake District.

Answer 17

Rivers cause the slope process. It offsets angles of loose rocks causing them to fall into the river. This means the slope changes and becomes steeper. The loose called scree is caused by freeze thaw weathering.

Question 18

What is the Lowlands?

Answer 18

It’s the area that consists of Southern England that was not eroded by the glaciers in the ice age. It’s flatter than the uplands because the glaciers never reached it. It’s also more fertile because of the type of rocks there (sedimentary) and because the glaciers deposited their eroded rock there. One of the main areas in the lowlands is called the Weald.

Question 19

What is the highest point in the Weald?

Answer 19

Crowborough Beacon (225m - the lowlands (Weald) is a lot flatter than the upland (Lake District))

Question 20

What is scarp and vale topography?

Answer 20

Scarp, short for escarpment is a dome shaped wall of different types of sedimentary rock. The vale is a flat area usually in between two escarpments. An example of a scarp and vale would be the North and South Downs and everything in between. The Downs are the escarpments and the vale is in between them.

Question 21

What type of weathering does the Weald have?

Answer 21

Because the Weald is closer to the equator, we don’t have temperatures that fluctuate below and above 0°C but we have different types of weathering such as chemical weathering and biological weathering.

Question 22

What post glacial river processes does the lowlands have?

Answer 22

After the glaciers melted, melt water flowed into the lowlands depositing rocks and making the land very fertile.