EQ1 Flashcards
Why is GDP a good indicator of development?
You need economic growth for development
Improvements in living standards
Why is GDP not a good indicator?
GDP does not consider human development
Informal economy not included
Negative costs on the envrionment
What is the happy planet index?
Looks at experienced wellbeing
Ecological footprint
Life expectancy
Costa rica ranks highly
Welfare state
Using money from taxes to redistribute the income
Free education
Healthcare
Services
How does Sharia law improve and threaten development (Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Yemen)?
IMPROVE
Zakat payment of taxes to help poor people
THREATEN
Denies women human rights
A man can beat his wife
Converting is punishable by death
A woman can not speak alone to a man that is not her husband or relative
Bolivia development successful or not
SUCCESSFUL
Exploitation of oil and mineral resources
Lifted 500,000 out of poverty
President Morales
Increase minimum wage by 50%
NOT SUCCESSFUL
Many still live on 2 dollars a day
Lack basic sanitation
Neoliberalism
A free market system
What was Hans roslings theory?
Future goals should prioritize improving health, life expectancy and human rights and economic growth is necessary in facilitating this.
Human rights are essential for economic growth and these come from a strong stable government
How has ethnic conflict in Sudan prevented economic development?
There was a civil war between the government (Dinka) and rebel tribes (Nuer) in 2013
Millions of people were internally displaced, there was looting and widespread poverty
2 million war refugees
Why is Sudan not experiencing economic development?
Corruption in the government (lack of investment)
Landlocked (can not access resources from trade)
Famine (oil price collapses)
Schools have to say they have a PTA to access money for development
Positives of neoliberalism in facilitating economic development (Economic and Social)
Economic
Liz truss freezing energy bills at £2500, more spending power
More international competition, drives down prices, more choice
Help countries dependent on raw materials (Bolivia)
Social
Chille has ensured all people have universal access to healthcare services, depends on household income
Negatives of neoliberalism in facilitating economic development (Economic and Social)
Economic
200 million dollar cuts in the Greek healthcare systems (cancer, lung)
Wages are set to fall
Social
Spread of more hybrid disease, due to increase migration
Austerity measures, have led to cuts in the welfare system
How has education led to development in Iran?
University of Tehran secular education
Many rich women enrolled in the 1970s
Why is there inequality in education in Iran and how does this affect development?
Women are seen as sources of labour, to produce children, they are not prioritized (only 3.5 million women work)
Newly married Iranian women must attend family training classes (2009), they are viewed as less adequate
Women are barred from 70 courses, including social sciences, engineering (2011), they are only able to study humanities
Only 20% of women that are educated, go on to find suitable jobs
Why is education fundamental to development ?
Allows you to assert your own human rights, freedom of speech
Helps females challenge their barriers to education, Malala
Helps access to basic healthcare, hygiene etc
Why is there a lack of human rights in Iran?
Aspects of Sharia law, violate womens rights
Women are beaten if they refuse to wear the hijab
What is preventing global access to education?
Lack of money, poverty in countries, means that they may send men off to school rather than women, as there will be a higher rate of return
Lack of infrastructure, schools and buildings, Sudan teachers have to ask for a PTA to access funding
Corruption and civil conflict, unrest, looting and violence since the Sudanese civil war could prompt this
Why is sanitation important in development?
Essential to health
Helps prevent the spread of diseases
Particularly important for children and their development
Why is India’s lack of sanitation a problem and how is it being fixed?
PROBLEM
620 million people defecate in the open, spread disease, 126k died from diseases
Lower caste people are given the jobs of maintaining the toilets
FIXED
Government subsidies for every toilet that has been built
29 billion is spent to construct toilets
Barriers to economic development in Nairobi (Physical, political, social and economic)
Physical
No space to develop
Ugandan railway runs through, they cant build anything through it
Too many steep slopes
Political
Lack of trust in the government
No management of waste removal
Social
Gang warfare between K and N tribes
Economic
1.2 billion dollars
People do not own their own land
Problems facing Nairobi (Economic, social and environmental)
Economic
Informal primary sector jobs
Commodity producer
Social
Corruption
Largest industries prostitution and cleaning toilets
Environmental
Indoor air pollution from burning oil and gas
Waste disposal
Ineffective sewage disposal
Typhoid and cholera are major risks
How does the epidemiological transition world apply to developed countries?
As development increases, deaths fall
Number of diseases and types of disease increases
- Famine
- Pandemics
- Man made diseases
- Degenerative diseases
What can influence diseases and health in developed countries (UK)?
- Education, diet, understanding of smoking
- Exposure to chemicals
- Access to healthcare services
How has lifestyle, deprivation and availability affected health and life expectancy?
- High fat diets, lack of exercise, 35% of US citizens have diabetes. Japanese and South Asian diets contain more rice, beans and proteins less malnutrition.
- 40% of people in Bulgaria are in poverty. Dubai has levels within its healthcare system, higher income or insurance, better healthcare
- Some countries have free healthcare (NHS)
Why are their variations in life expectancy in England?
South
London has better access to healthcare services
Higher incomes, more nutritional diets
North
Post industrial areas (North East), low education, low income, high levels of smoking and alcohol, more diseases
Poor diets and bad lifestyles
What is the welfare state?
State led
Funded by taxes
Redistribution of wealth
Totalitarian government system
Run by elites low levels of spending on education and healthcare
