Epstein Barr Virus

Question 1

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is a __________ in which over _______% of the population worldwide has been infected.

Answer 1

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is a herpesvirus in which over 90% of the population worldwide has been infected.

Question 2

infectious mononucleosis

Answer 2

Often called mono or kissing disease, an infection with the Epstein-Barr virus.
Mono (glandular fever) is transmitted by saliva.

Question 3

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is a ________-stranded _____ virus that infects _____lymphocyte cells.

Answer 3

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that infects B lymphocyte cells.

Question 4

How is it spread ?

Answer 4

spread mainly from saliva containing virus-infected epithelial cells.

Question 5

The virus causes _______cells to differentiate into _______cells, which then can move into the circulatory system, or become latent until a trigger causes reactivation

Answer 5

The virus causes B cells to differentiate into memory B cells, which then can move into the circulatory system, or become latent until a trigger causes reactivation

Question 6

Transmission of EBV

Answer 6

The transmission of the Epstein Barr virus occurs in several ways, such as deep kissing or food-sharing. Increased levels of viral DNA are found in salivary secretions after the initial infection. Children can be infected after eating food that has already been chewed by an EBV infected individual.[3] The transmission has occurred through stem cell and organ transplantation, as well as blood transfusion.

Question 7

Patients infected with Epstein Barr virus can have systemic manifestations including

Answer 7

splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, headache, malaise, fever, and sore throat.[8] Patients may show symptoms for several months, with fatigue as the most common lingering complaint.

Question 8

Treatment/ management of EBV

Answer 8

Epstein Barr virus is treated symptomatically with medications that can reduce fever and pain.[1] Some studies using antiviral medications for EBV treatment did show a decrease in the amount of virus shed in the oral cavity, but there was no improvement in overall symptoms.[2] Corticosteroids are not therapeutic, but they can be beneficial in patients who develop airway compromise or autoimmune complications caused by EBV infection.[1]

Question 9

Complication of EBV

Answer 9

Epstein Barr virus has several associated complications. One dangerous complication is splenic rupture due to infectious mononucleosis. In one case study, splenic rupture occurred 6 days after symptoms of infection. It can be treated conservatively or surgically. Pain control and close monitoring are appropriate conservative management strategies reserved for hemodynamically stable patients. Another non-surgical management option is splenic artery embolization. The surgical option is splenectomy which requires post-operative immunizations, antibiotics, and close follow-up.[

Question 10

Complication of EBV

Answer 10

airway obstruction from tonsillar edema of the pharyngeal tissues. Treatment of airway obstruction includes steroids, tracheotomy, or intubation. Airway obstruction is a rare (1-3.5% of cases) but an important complication of infectious mononucleosis that occurs mostly in children.

Question 11

Complication of EBV

Answer 11

Acute acalculous cholecystitis is a complication that can be treated conservatively with pain medication and antiemetics.[17][18] In some cases, patients elected to have laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to unbearable abdominal pain