EPPP practice test missed questions - Test Design

Question 1

Effectiveness vs. Efficacy studies

Answer 1

Efficacy studies are conducted in well-controlled conditions, often using a structured manualized session format. In contrast, effectiveness studies are conducted in real-world settings with less experimental control. Therefore, while efficacy studies are useful for determining whether a treatment has beneficial effects under controlled conditions, effectiveness studies are useful for determining if those effects generalize to other conditions. A criticism of efficacy research is that because many of the crucial elements of what is actually done during the course of delivering psychotherapy are controlled, the results have good internal validity but limited external validity.

Question 2

Placebo vs. No-tx and Wait-List Control groups in psychotherapy research

Answer 2

Studies have shown that placebo conditions have a substantial impact, with participants in placebo control groups typically showing greater improvement in symptoms than those in no-treatment or wait-list control groups. Lipsey and Wilson, for example, report an average effect size of .67 when treated participants are compared to no-treatment controls, but a smaller effect size of .48 when participants in the treatment group are compared to those in a placebo control group (1993).

Question 3

Type I errors

Answer 3

Question 4

Type II errors

Answer 4