EPPP MISC Flashcards
1
Q
SB5 Routing subtests
A
Object series/matrices & vocabulary
2
Q
_____________ is the appropriate method for combining scores on several selection tests when a high score on one or more tests can compensate for a low score on another test.
A
Multiple regression (a compensatory method for combining predictor scores that involves weighting each predictor and then combining to get an estimated criterion score)
3
Q
__________ wrote a review that patients who receive tx show less improvement than those who do NOT get tx
A
Hans Eysenck
4
Q
Vygotsky’s __________ play provides a zone of proximal development for kids
A
make-believe (they can adopt roles and engage in behaviors they can’t do in everyday life)
5
Q
Satiation (in operant conditioning)
A
when reinforcer becomes no longer reinforcing bc person no longer desires it
6
Q
The transtheoretical model IDs _______ as the factors that affect motivation to change
A
decisional balance, self-efficacy, temptation
7
Q
Howard et al.’s (1986) dose-effect model, about ____% of therapy clients experience improvement in sx by the 26th tx session
A
75%
8
Q
Retroactive interference
A
When recent info interferes with the ability to recall older info
9
Q
Court ordered evals
A
An exception to requirement for informed consent, but must inform examinee of purpose and limits of confidentiality
10
Q
Helms’ model of white racial identity development
A
1) contact, 2) disintegration, 3) reintegration, 4) pseudo-independence, 5) immersion-emmersion, 6) autonomy
11
Q
Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM)
A
measure of nonverbal intelligence for individuals 6 years of age and older
12
Q
Test sensitivity
A
the proportion of people who have a disorder and are correctly identified by the test as having the disorder (aka true positive)
13
Q
Schacter-Singer’s
Two-Factor theory of emotion
A
Emotions are physiological arousal + cognitive label. Assumes bodily responses to all emotions are basically the same
14
Q
Type A Characteristic most associated with increased risk for heart disease and other health problems
A
Type A behavior- hostility
15
Q
Research has found that electrical stimulation of different areas of the ___________ in cats and other animal species produces different types of aggressive behavior.
A
Hypothalamus
16
Q
Cross’ Model of Black Racial Identity
A
1) pre-encounter, 2) encounter, 3) immersion/emersion, 4) internalization
17
Q
Fixed role therapy
A
Technique used in Kelly’s personal construct therapy and involves having clients adopt roles to let them “try out” personal constructs different than their own
18
Q
Circular Qs
Hypothesizing
Positive connotation
A
Techniques used in Milan systemic therapy
19
Q
Kohlberg’s stages of gender-role development
A
1) Gender Identity
2) Gender stability
3) Gender constancy
20
Q
Gender and leader effectiveness
A
Female leaders are rated as more effective in feminine work settings, male leaders more effective in masculine work settings
21
Q
Adult Attachment Interview- Dismissing type
A
Person provides positive descriptions of their early relationships with their parents, but their descriptions are not supported or are contradicted by their actual memories
22
Q
Subtests of the WAIS-IV have a mean of ___ and standard deviation of ___
A
10; 3
23
Q
Dx of acute stress disorder requires at least nine sx from any of what five categories
A
dissociation, avoidance, negative mood, arousal, intrusion
24
Q
Damage to the arcuate fasciculus can produce conduction aphasia, which is…
A
fluent spontaneous speech, normal comprehension, and impaired repetition
25
Frame-of-reference training
helping raters recognize the multidimensionality of job performance and what constitutes different levels of performance
26
Split brain patient shown COPY (left visual field)- CAT (right visual field)
Patient will say the word CAT because the left hemisphere controls the production of language but will point to the word COPY because the right hemisphere controls the left hand
27
Wolpe attributed the effectiveness of systematic desensitization for treating anxiety to
reciprocal inhibition
28
A normal distribution of raw scores has a mean of 75 and standard deviation of 5. In this distribution, a raw score of 65 is equivalent to
(two standard deviations below the mean) a T-score of 30, a stanine score of 1, a z-score of -2.0, and a percentile rank of 2
29
Homoscedasticity
variability of scores on one variable is about the same at different values of the other variable; tends to increase the correlation coefficient; the use of a regression equation to predict people’s scores on Y from their scores on X will produce the same accuracy of prediction for all scores on X.
30
Heteroscedasticity
heteroscedasticity occurs when the variability of scores on one variable differs at different values of the other variable
31
Brain weight is _____ newborn and ______ at 2 years
~25%; ~80%
32
Synaptogenesis peaks at ____ years
2-3 years
33
Brain weight/volume begins to gradually decrease around ____ years and accelerates after ______ years
30; 60 years
34
Depth perception relies on
1) kinetic (motion) cues
2) then binocular (stereoscopic) cues
3) last- pictorial (static-monocular) cues
35
Early exposure to pain
full term- heightens later pain responsivity
preterm- dampens later responsivity
36
Gross Motor Milestones- 1-3 months
chin and then chest up in prone position, props on forearms in prone position, rolls side to side
37
Gross Motor Milestones- 4-6 months
sits with trunk support and then with pelvic support, rolls front to back and then back to front, puts arms out when falling
38
Gross Motor Milestones- 7-9 months
sits without support steadily, pulls to sitting/kneeling position, begins crawling, pulls to stand
39
Gross Motor Milestones- 10-12 months
crawls well, cruises furniture with both hands and then one hand, walks with two hands held and then with one hand, takes independent steps
40
Gross Motor Milestones- 13-15 months
stands without pulling up, walks well, stoops to pick up toy, crawls up stairs, walks carrying toy
41
Gross Motor Milestones- 16-18 months
walks backward, walks up stairs with one hand held, runs well, throws ball while standing
42
Gross Motor Milestones- 19-30 months
walks down stairs with one hand held, walks up stairs and then downstairs holding rail with both feet on each step, kicks ball, throws ball overhand, jumps from bottom step with one foot leading
43
Gross Motor Milestones- 31 - 36 months
walks swinging arms opposite of legs, balances on one foot for 3 seconds, walks up stairs with alternating feet and without holding rail, pedals tricycle, catches ball with stiff arms
44
Gross Motor Milestones- 4 years
hops on one foot two or three times, balances on one foot 4 to 8 seconds, throws ball overhand 10 feet, catches bounced ball
45
Gross Motor Milestones- 5 years
walks down stairs with alternating feet and without holding rail, hops on one foot 15 times, balances on one foot for more than 8 seconds, walks backward heel-toe, jumps backward
46
Growth spurt age
10-11 for girls
12-13 for boys
peak velocity after 2 years, lasts for a total of 3-4 years
47
Effects of early onset puberty by gender
GIRLS- negative consequences including lower levels of self-esteem and popularity; poorer academic achievement; a higher risk for precocious sexual behavior; and higher rates of substance use, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and disruptive behavior disorders
BOYS-positive consequences including higher levels of self-esteem and social maturity, greater popularity, and better athletic skills. Negative consequences: higher levels of alcohol use and antisocial behavior and precocious sexual behavior.
48
Mildred Parten (1932) categorized children’s play as being:
nonsocial or social
49
Age is one of the factors that affect a child’s risk for maltreatment, with the risk being greatest for children:
below 1 year of age
50
A student repeatedly presents a tone just prior to presenting food to a dog. After the dog is salivating in response to the tone when it’s presented alone, the student repeatedly presents the tone and a blinking light together just before presenting food. Regardless of how many times she presents the tone and blinking light together before presenting the food, the dog never salivates in response to the blinking light when it’s presented alone. This phenomenon is referred to as:
Blocking
51
The item discrimination index (D) ranges from:
-1.00 to +1.00
52
The standard error of measurement is used to:
construct a confidence interval around an examinee’s obtained score
53
Subjects in Schachter and Singer’s (1962) “epinephrine studies” were injected with epinephrine, which produces mild physiological arousal. Some subjects were told what effect the drug would have, while others were either given false information or no information about the drug’s effects. Each subject was then placed in a waiting room with a confederate who acted in an angry manner. As predicted by __________, only subjects given false or no information reported feeling angry.
self-perception theory
54
As described by Margaret Mahler, the normal autistic stage is characteristic of the ________ of life.
first few weeks
55
What is not a criticism of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?
Moral development does not end in late childhood as his theory claims (this is a criticism of Piaget's theory instead)
56
Research has found that which behavior of noncustodial fathers has the LEAST impact on the post-divorce outcomes of children?
Frequency of contact
57
Research investigating the effectiveness of various nonpharmacological treatments for migraine headache has found that:
temperature biofeedback plus relaxation training is more effective than either temperature biofeedback or relaxation training alone.
58
The presence of which of the following would be least useful for confirming a DSM diagnosis of binge-eating disorder?
overvaluation of body weight and shape (only present in about 50% of cases)
59
Withdrawal from _____ after heavy and prolonged use is most likely to cause seizures?
alcohol
60
An undergraduate student is writing a paper on Taylor’s scientific management for her organizational psychology class. Assuming that the student understands the major assumptions of this approach, she’s likely to note in her paper that Taylor believed that worker motivation is most affected by
desire for economic gain
60
Positive skew values from least to greatest
Mode median mean
61
Areas of the cerebral cortex involved in the planning and execution of movement send excitatory signals to the
striatum
62
Naltrexone
reduces the rewarding effects of alcohol and cravings for alcohol
63
MBCT and depression
avoid episodes by adopting a decentered position at the first sign of depression
64
Social loafing related to
diffusion of responsibility
65
SB-5 scales
Fluid Reasoning, Knowledge, Quantitative reasoning, Visual-Spatial Processing, and Working Memory
66
Encoding specificity hypothesis: forgetting is caused by inadequate __________
retrieval cues
67
Dr. Yoshida receives a subpoena from an attorney that requires him to testify at trial about a former therapy client. The client’s authorization to release information is not attached to the subpoena, so Dr. Yoshida contacts the client who tells him that she doesn’t want him to provide any information about her treatment. Dr. Yoshida should:
contact the attorney who issued the subpoena and ask that he be released from it.
68
Drugs that increase which of the following are often used to treat premature ejaculation
serotonin
69
About _____ of patients with Parkinson’s disease experience depression, which __________________
50%; has onset prior to the development of motor sx for some patients
70
An overdose of morphine, heroin, or other opioid can cause respiratory failure because of its effects on which of the following
medulla oblongata
71
Bronfenbrenner’s (2004) ecological systems theory, available legal and social services are part of the
exosystem
72
_______ is least likely to be the optimal intervention when a child’s target behavior is harmful to him/herself or others
Operant extinction (extinction often causes an increase/burst before it decreases)
73
The effectiveness of multisystemic therapy (MST) for adolescents with severe conduct problems for African American youth vs. European youth
Equally effective for both groups
74
St Johns Wort
Indicated for mild/moderate depression; should not be taken with an SSRI bc it can lead to serotonin syndrome
75
A worker-oriented _______________ is conducted to identify the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics required to perform a job successfully
Job-analysis
76
Your new client, 8-year-old Bobbie, engages in behaviors that meet the dx criteria for oppositional defiant disorder. You’re most likely to consider a co-diagnosis of conduct disorder if he also exhibits:
repeated acts of aggression
77
As defined by Singer (2005), self-defining memories have five characteristics
emotional intensity, vividness, high levels of repetition, linkage to similar memories, and connections to enduring concerns/unresolved conflicts
78
Gorchoff, John, and Helson (2008) studied the marital satisfaction of women over an 18-year period and found that women reported
an increase in marital satisfaction after their last children left home and that this was due to the improved quality of the time that they spent with their husbands
79
A psychologist developed a program for first-time parents that addresses methods of dealing with parenting stress and lifestyle changes and is open to all expectant parents in the community. This is an example of
primary prevention: targeting groups of people who have not yet developed a condition, by intervening before the condition occurs
80
_____ is the appropriate multivariate technique when two or more predictors will be used to estimate status on two or more criteria
canonical correlation
81
99% confidence interval for a predicted score is calculated by:
adding and subtracting three standard errors of estimate to and from the predicted score
82
When obtaining a high score on one or more predictors cannot compensate for a low score on another predictor, the best technique for making a hiring decision on the basis of multiple predictors is
multiple cutoff (requires applicants to obtain a score that's above the cutoff of each predictor to be considered for the job)
83
When conducting a ___________, an organizational psychologist would assign points to a job’s compensable factors
job evaluation
84
Your new patient says he was referred to you by his physician who could find no medical explanation for his severe headaches and chronic abdominal pain. If the results of your assessment of the patient suggest that he’s intentionally producing his symptoms to qualify for Social Security benefits, the most likely diagnosis for this patient is
malingering
85
The central limit theorem predicts that, regardless of the shape of the population distribution of scores, a sampling distribution of means increasingly approaches the shape of
a normal distribution as the sample SIZE increases
86
A practitioner of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) would most likely identify eliminating or decreasing all of the following as the primary goals of individual therapy
Quality of life interfering behaviors, tx-interfering behaviors, life-threatening behaviors
87
A factor matrix indicates that one of the tests included in the factor analysis has a factor loading of .30 for Factor I. This means that ____ of variability in test scores is explained by Factor I
9%-- A factor loading is the correlation between a test and an identified factor and can be interpreted by squaring it to obtain a measure of shared variability. When a factor loading is .30, this means that 9% (.30 squared) of variability in the test is shared with (explained by) variability in the factor.
87
__________ involves continuing to practice newly acquired skills beyond the point of mastery
Overlearning
88
Most common comorbidity with ASPD?
Any substance use disorder
89
Elaboration likelihood model- peripheral route
Peripheral cues (e.g., credibility and attractiveness of messenger) are more influential than the content of the message. More likely to use peripheral route when in a good mood, or when the message feels unimportant
90
At birth, infants emit three different cries that indicate:
hunger, anger, or pain
91
House’s path-goal theory
a good leader provides clear direction, sets high goals, gets involved in goal achievement and supports his employees
91
Of the antipsychotic drugs, __________ is most likely to be a side effect of clozapine
agranulocytosis
92
combining motivational interviewing with CBT when treating generalized anxiety disorder
is more effective for reducing worry than is providing CBT alone, especially for individuals who initially have high worry severity
93
Beginning in early adolescence, the rate of major depressive disorder for females is about ________ times the rate for boys
1.5 to 3.0
94
An advantage of conducting a single one-way ANOVA rather than separate t-tests when a study includes one independent variable with three or more levels is that the ANOVA
controls the experimentwise error rate
95
Ghahramanlou-Holloway, Neely, and Tucker (2014), a primary goal of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for preventing suicide is to:
deactivate the "suicidal mode"
96
concordance rate for schizophrenia for monozygotic (identical) twins is
48%
97
The use of cue exposure treatment (CET) for alcohol use disorder often combines exposure to cues that are associated with alcohol with
coping skills training
98
Research has found that the greatest age-related atrophy in the adult cortex occurs in the
frontal and parietal lobes
99
_______ includes subtests that evaluate attention, memory, visualization, and reasoning
Leiter-3 (non-verbal measure of fluid intelligence)
100
What are norm-referenced scores
z-scores, t-scores, percentile ranks (NOT percentage scores)
101
Lucas-Thompson et al.’s (2010) research on children’s outcomes when their mothers return to work outside the home during the children’s second or third year of life found that, overall, maternal employment during this period
is not predictive of later development of significant behavioral or academic achievement problems
102
____ of women experience a major depressive episode between birth of their offspring and 12 months postpartum
7%
103
use the split-plot ANOVA to analyze the data when:
study included one between-subjects independent variable and one within-subjects independent variable
104
A licensed psychologist, has just started working at an inner-city clinic. He soon realizes that some of his clients have problems he has not previously encountered and that he’s likely to continue encountering these problems. He should:
see the clients in therapy but seek consultation with a colleague who has relevant experience
105
A person with damage to his/her right (non-dominant) hemisphere as the result of a traumatic brain injury is most likely to exhibit
An indifference reaction
106
With regard to persuasive messages, the “sleeper effect” occurs when
over time, people tend to remember the message but forget its source
107
As described by Helms (1993), a person in the __________ stage of White identity development is oblivious to racial/cultural issues and has a race- or culture-neutral perspective
contact
108
Helm's White racial identity stages in order
contact, disintegration, reintegration, pseudo-independence, immersion-emersion, and autonomy
109
Lewin (1951) proposed that planned change in organizations involves
Unfreezing, changing, and refreezing
110
Steven's Law
Exponential relationship between the magnitude of a physical stimulus and its perceived magnitude, with the exponent varying for different types of stimuli
111
Moro reflex
startle reflex
112
Berry (2003) acculturation- marginalization
A member of an ethnic minority group rejects the values, beliefs, and cultural practices of both her own minority group and the dominant (majority) group
113
Berry (2003) acculturation- separation
individuals reject the dominant or host culture in favor of preserving their culture of origin
114
In general, exposure to a teratogen during prenatal development causes the most serious defects when it occurs during the __________ weeks of development
3rd - 8th
115
Research on the “pratfall effect” suggests that, when a(n) __________ person commits a blunder, that person’s attractiveness to others tends to increase
competent
116
Four stages of Troiden’s homosexual identity development model
sensitization, identity confusion, identity assumption, and commitment
117
Implosive therapy combines:
exposure in imagination and psychodynamic techniques
118
A decrease in the effectiveness of punishment over time is often due to
habituation
119
Fiedler (1967)'s contingency theory says ______ are task oriented, while _____ are person/relationship-oriented
low LPC; high LPC
120
Correlation between two ratio scales of measurement
Pearson's r
121
Rank correlation coefficient (nonparametric)
Spearman's rho
122
Tiedeman’s career decision-making model
- Initial anticipation phase includes the exploration, crystallization, choice, and clarification stages.
- Subsequent implementation phase includes the induction, reformation, and integration stages.
123
Median age of onset of specific phobia is between _____ years of age. Mean age of onset is _____
7-11 years; 10 years
124
Research has shown that drugs that block protein synthesis while acquiring new information interfere with the formation of
long-term memories but not short-term memories
125
Psychological reactance
when people feel that pressure to behave in a particular way threatens their personal freedom and they respond in ways to regain that freedom. One response is to do the opposite of what has been requested
126
Correct DSM-5 diagnosis for a 12-year-old boy who has two motor tics that began nine months ago is
provisional tic disorder-- requires one or more motor and/or vocal tics that have been present for less than one year and began before age 18
127
Sleep stages and brain waves
Stage 1: Alpha waves, then theta waves
Stage 2: Theta waves, plus sleep spindles and K complexes
Stage 3/4: Delta waves (deep sleep)
REM: Waves similar to wakefulness
128
Evidence for the five-factor model of personality has been provided by research using the __________ method
Lexical
129
Which aspect of an item characteristic curve (ICC) indicates the probability of choosing the correct answer to the item by guessing alone
Point at which the curve intercepts the y-axis
130
An organizational psychologist is hired by a company to determine if the performance of many of its recently hired employees can be improved by providing them with training. To do so, the psychologist will conduct a
Needs analysis- aka needs assessment- identifies training needs
131
You administered several tests to a client as part of your initial assessment and he is asking to see his scores. To be consistent with the requirements of the ethics codes published by the American and Canadian Psychological Associations, you should
provide the scores to him unless you believe that doing so might cause him substantial harm
132
Control, commitment, and challenge have been identified as the “3 C’s” of
hardiness (Kobasa, 1982)
133
Children usually pass the mirror self-recognition test by _____ months of age, but an exception is children with Down syndrome who usually do not pass the test until they are _____ months of age.
18 to 24; 36 to 48
134
After her sixth therapy session with Rusty R., Dr. Berstein realizes that she’s attracted to him and that, between sessions, she sometimes thinks about what it would be like to spend time with him outside of therapy. As an ethical psychologist, Dr. Berstein should:
obtain professional consultation to determine the best course of action
135
Herzberg’s two-factor theory
to increase job motivation and satisfaction, workers must be given jobs that provide motivator factors – i.e., opportunities for autonomy, responsibility, and advancement. He used the term “job enrichment” to describe the type of job redesign that involves modifying a job so that it provides motivator factors
136
According to Alfred Adler, a mistaken (unhealthy) style of life is characterized by:
excessive self-interest
137
Memory impairment associated with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome has been linked to damage to
thalamus and mammillary bodies
138
Without rehearsal, information remains in short-term memory for about
20-30 secs
139
Data released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate that, in 2020, the suicide rate was highest for
men 75 years old +
140
In leadership roles men tend to be more _______ and women more ______
transactional; transformational
141
When included in an assessment center, the primary purpose of the leaderless group discussion is to:
evaluate the leadership potential of participants
142
The time-series group design is most similar to
AB single-subject design
143
Program logic models contain
resources, activities, outputs, etc
144
Kirkpatrick's evaluation model- four levels of training program eval from least to most informative
reaction < learning < behavior < results
145
Avoidance conditioning is an example of two-factor learning and combines
classical conditioning and negative reinforcement
146
Dr. Hedges has been seeing Betty in therapy for three months to help her deal with the sudden death of her mother. She’s made progress toward achieving her therapy goals, and they’ve started talking about terminating therapy. During her current session, Betty tells Dr. Hedges that her best friend is going through a divorce and she’d like to refer her to Dr. Hedges for therapy. Dr. Hedges should
tell Betty he cannot see her friend in therapy and offer to give her friend referrals to other mental health professionals
147
Disulfiram
treatment for alcohol use disorder-- causes nausea, vomiting, dizziness, confusion, and other unpleasant symptoms when taken in conjunction with alcohol
148
Seller et al.’s (1998) multidimensional model of racial identity predicts that racial salience is affected by
the current situation and racial centrality
149
The items selected for inclusion in the __________ assess 15 manifest needs that were identified by Henry Murray
EPPS
150
Stages of Selye’s (1976) general adaptation syndrome are
alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion
151
A 43-year-old man who has a history of false disability claims and is hoping his current work-related mental disability claim will be accepted is most likely to obtain a _________ on the MMPI-2
Low K scale score and high F scale score
152
An Impairment Index score of _____ or above on the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery (HRNB) is usually indicative of brain damag
.4 to .5 (ranges from 0 - 1.0)
153
Memory loss associated with neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease has been most consistently linked to abnormal levels of ___________ in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex
Acetylcholine
154
For practitioners of interpersonal therapy (IPT), depression is
medically based
155
ethical requirements regarding the acceptance of contingent fees when acting as an expert witness in a legal case
Should usually avoid accepting contingent fees
156
What reinforcer is least susceptible to satiation
Generalized reinforcers because they can be exchanged for a variety of back-up (primary) reinforcers
157
Differential reinforcement combines
positive reinforcement and operant extinction
158
Following a stroke that caused left-sided hemiplegia, a woman insists that her left arm is not her own arm but belongs to someone else. This woman is exhibiting
asomatognosia (lack or recognition/awareness of one's own body)
159
__________ facilitates movement by stimulating the muscles to contract
Acetylcholine (ACh) is present in all motor neurons, causes muscles to contract, and is involved in the production of muscle movements
160
For patients who meet the diagnostic criteria for a diagnosis of schizophrenia, the best prognosis is associated with
female gender, an acute and late onset of symptoms, comorbid mood symptoms (especially depressive symptoms), predominantly positive symptoms, precipitating factors, a family history of a mood disorder, and good premorbid adjustment
161
When a predictor has low to moderate criterion-related validity, it can improve decision-making accuracy as long as
the base rate is moderate and the selection ratio is low
162
Bilateral damage to the medial temporal lobe produces deficits in
declarative memory (hippocampus)
163
A problem with the forced distribution method of performance assessment is that
the prespecified performance categories may not match the actual performance of the employees
164
The use of participant observation to study a cultural group is most associated with which of the following approaches to qualitative research
ethnography
165
The 80% (four-fifths) rule is used to
determine if a selection test is having an adverse impact (especially related to hiring protected groups)
166
gain-loss effect
we’re more attracted to people who initially dislike us but then change their minds after they get to know us than we are to people who express constant liking for us
167
Which of the following is most likely to be an effective treatment for neuropathic pain
amitriptyline (and other tricyclic antidepressants)
168
A test’s __________ refers to its ability to correctly identify individuals who are true negatives
specificity
169
The __________ dopamine pathway plays an important role in the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse and drug addiction
mesolimbic
170
According to Bowlby (1980), an infant’s early relationships with caregivers lead to the development of
internal working models of beliefs about the self, others, and the self in relation to others
171
With regard to the transtheoretical model, self-reevaluation is most useful for helping clients transition from the
contemplation to the preparation stage
172
Yalom's formative stages of group therapy
1) orientation, hesitant participation, search for meaning, dependency, 2) conflict, dominance, rebellion, 3) cohesiveness
173
Holland (1985) used ____ to describe the extent to which a person’s personality is clearly defined with regard to the six personality types
differentiation
174
A research study found that adult smokers are more likely to successfully quit smoking when they have a negative image of the “typical” smoker. This result is predicted by
prototype/willingness model
175
trace decay theory
memories create physical changes in the brain that deteriorate over time when the memories are not rehearsed or recalled
176
WPPSI-IV is appropriate for examinees ages
2:6 to 7:7 years:months
177
According to Piaget, children begin to be able to observe another child perform a complex action and then imitate that action for the first time on the following day when they’re between ________ months of age
18 to 24
178
differential selection in research studies
threatens a study’s internal validity when subjects in different groups differ in an important way at the beginning of the study, and the best way to control it is to randomly assign subjects to the treatment groups
179
When prison inmates and their counselors were asked to explain why the prisoners committed their offenses, most inmates cited situational factors while the counselors cited dispositional factors. This provides support for
actor-observer effect
180
Holland’s six occupational themes
realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional
181
balance theory (Heider 1958)
relationship between three elements: person, another person, and an attitude object/event. If unbalanced, person is motivated to change
182
All of the single-subject designs share which characteristic
DV is measured multiple times during each phase
183
MMPI-2-- Individuals who have genuine psychopathology are likely to obtain the combination of a ______ and a ______
high F scale score; low VRIN scale score
184
MMPI-2-- High scores on what 3 scales indicates faking good
L, K, S (denial/defensiveness)
185
MMPI-2-- High scores on what scale indicates faking bad
F (faking bad, resistance to testing, significant pathology, random responding)
186
MMPI-2-- pattern associated with alcohol and drug abuse, vague somatic complaints, and relationship- and work-related problems
elevated scores on scales 2, 4, and 7
187
PASS theory of intelligence
derived from Luria's research on brain structures; Intelligence = planning, attention, simultaneous process, sequential processing
188
