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1
Q

What are the states of gender development?

A

Gender identity: 9 months to 3 years, identify gender

Gender stability: by about 4 years: understand gender is stable

Gender constancy: by about 5/6 years: understand gender doesn’t change with appearance

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2
Q

What is paired comparison used for?

A

Used to appraise work performance by comparing one person to every other person

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3
Q

What are Selye’s GAS stress response stages?

A

Alarm: initial response
Resistance: responding to stressor
Exhaustion: recovery after dealing with it

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4
Q

What are Piaget’s developmental stages?

A

Sensorimotor: birth to 2 years: develop senses and object permanence, deferred imitation (imitate later)

Preoperational: 2-7 years: symbolic thought

Concrete operational: 7-11 years: reversibility and degeneration, transitivity (be able to mentally sort objects)

Formal operational: 11-16 years: abstract reasoning, propositional thought

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5
Q

What are the Big Five personality traits and the most/least stable?

A 
Extraversion - most stable
Openness
Conscientiousness
Agreeableness
Neuroticism - least stable
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6
Q

What’s commonly used to treat Alzheimer’s?

A

Increase Ach levels.
Prevent Ach breakdown in mild mod symptoms

Examples: Cognex, Aricept

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7
Q

What’s Craik and Lockhart’s Levels of Processing Theory?

A

When you process info more deeply/complexly, leads to better retention. Better to utilize in abstract way than straight memorization

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8
Q

What medication works best for neuropathic pain?

A

Antidepressants (amitriptyline)

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9
Q

What are common medications?

A

Amitriptyline: antidepressants
Fluoxetine: SSRI

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10
Q

What medication works best for bulimia?

A

Boosting serotonin, SSRIs

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11
Q

What happens with damage to the right frontal lobe?

A

Disinhibition, indifference, and jocularity

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12
Q

What happens with damage to the left frontal lobe?

A

Decreased speech, depression, apathy

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13
Q

What are anticholinergic symptoms?

A

Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, tachycardia, dizziness, confusion, urinary retention

From tricyclics and antipsychotics

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14
Q

What’s fluoxetine?

A

SSRI, Prozac

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15
Q

What’s the difference between schizophrenia type I and II?

A

I has more positive symptoms.

II has more negative symptoms

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16
Q

What are vegetative symptoms?

A

Sleep difficulty, appetite changes, psychomotor retardation

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17
Q

What are the leading causes of death in US across age groups?

A

Heart disease, then cancer, then stroke

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18
Q

I/O: what’s the difference between base rate and selection ratio?

A

Base rate: the proportion of people who could do a job

Selection ratio: proportion of openings to applications

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19
Q

What are Marcia’s identity statuses?

A

Foreclosure: commitment to a group based on others pressure

Moratorium: actively figuring out identity

Achievement: gotten through crisis and committed to identity and group

Diffusion: not feeling crisis/not committed to an identity

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20
Q

What are the impacts and symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome?

A

Impacts: basal ganglia, hippocampus, frontal lobes

Symptoms: impaired motor coordination, attention and memory, hyperactivity/impulsivity, poor judgment

21
Q

What are the differences between anosognosia, agnosia, and apraxia?

A

Anosognosia: failure to recognize own functional impairment

Agnosia: inability to recognize objects

Apraxia: loss of ability to perform motor acts

22
Q

What are the common rater biases?

A

Leniency: nice to everyone
Strictness: hard on everyone
Halo: if they’re good at this, would be better overall
Central tendency: middle ratings

23
Q

What are the domains of Hofstede’s theory of culture?

A

Power distance (egalitarian or embrace hierarchy)

Individualism

Uncertainty avoidance

Masculinity

Long-term orientation (short term traditional vs long term futuristic)

Indulgence (repression vs satisfaction)

24
Q

What did Tolman think about learning?

A

Learning can happen without reinforcement, isn’t an automatic response, and could happen without awareness of learning.

People act based on beliefs, attitudes, strive to goals.

25
The Racial Identity Attitude Scale for African American racial identity development, made by Helms and Parham, includes what stages?
Pre-encounter, encounter, immersion-emersion, internalization
26
``` What do focal seizures do in each of these areas: Occipital lobe Pareital lobe Temporal lobe Frontal lobe ```
Occipital: strange colors, flashing lights Pareital: unusual bodily sensations Temporal: sense of deja vu Frontal: inability to speak
27
What are Erickson's stages of development?
``` Trust v mistrust: birth to 12 mths Autonomy v shame/doubt: 1-3 years Initiative v guilt: 3-6 yrs Industry v inferiority: 6-12 yrs Identity v role confusion: 12-18 yrs Intimacy v isolation: 20s-40s Generativity v stagnation: 40s-60s Integrity v despair: mid 60s to end ```
28
What are the stages on the racial identity attitudes scale?
Pre-encounter Encounter Immersion Internalization
29
What are the stages of Helms white racial identity?
Contact: ignorance, disregard of differences Disintegration: aware of inequalities, moral confusion and conflict Reintegration: view as superior Pseudo-independence: dissatisfied with reintegration Immersion-emersion: embrace whiteness without rejecting minorities Autonomy: internalizes non racist identity, similarities and differences acknowledged by not threatening
30
What are the Big Five traits and strongest relation to job satisfaction?
``` Openness Conscientious Extroversion Agreeableness Neuroticism: strongest relation ```
31
What are Yalom's therapeutic factors?
Instillation of hope: increase confidence in group th Universality: not the only one Imparting info: direct teaching/guidance Altruism: helping others in group Corrective recapitulation of primary family group: group is like family and correct previous dysfunction Development of socialising techniques: develop social skills through social learning Imitative behaviors: acting like therapist or another member Interpersonal learning: insight, work through transference Group cohesiveness: like therapeutic alliance Catharsis: release and relief from strong emotions Existential factors: learn to exist as part of something bigger
32
``` What are the LPC leaders in Hersey and Blanchards model? Delegating Participating Selling Telling ```
Delegating: low task, low relationship Participating: low task, high relationship Selling: high task, high relationship Telling: high task, low relationship
33
What are the symptoms of Korsakoffs?
Memory deficit, confabulation, some hallucination, unsteady gait
34
What's the diff between Ellis and Beck?
Ellis: REBT, basic irrational assumptions. More directive/confrontational. Irrational thoughts Beck: CBT, cognitive triad of depression (neg views of self, future, world), neg schemas, cognitive distortions. Negative automatic thoughts. Suicide = hopelessness + poor problem solving
35
What's the diff between schizophrenia, schizophreniform, schizoaffective, schizotypal, and schizoid?
Schizoaffective: schizophrenia + mood disorder (dep or manic) Schizophreniform: schizophrenia but only 1 week to 6 months (after 6 months is schizophrenia) Schizotypal: peculiar thinking, delusion of reference, magical thinking Schizoid: little interest or desire for interaction, little understanding of social cues
36
What drugs cause anticholinergic side effects?
``` Antipsychotics (clozapine Tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, imipramine, clomipramine) ```
37
What is required for a diagnosis of mental retardation?
IQ of 70 or less Deficits in at least two areas of adaptive functioning Onset before 18
38
What does an eigenvalue measure?
How much a particular factor accounts for the proportion of variance among variables
39
Who are vygotsky, Chomsky, and Kohler?
Vygotsky: learning is social Chomsky: innate language ability Kohler: aha ape insight learning
40
The cingulate gyrus is?
Satisfaction center
41
What is likely in each stage of Alzheimer's?
Stage 1: depression, irritability, anger, anomia, short term memory loss Stage 2: paranoia, flat/labile mood, retrograde/anterograde amnesia, fluent aphasia, Stage 3: apathy, emotional blunting, cannot recognize familiar people, cannot speak or care for selves
42
What part of the brain regulates circadian rhythm?
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn), part of hypothalamus
43
What are the parts of expectancy theory?
Expectancy: can I do it? Instrumentality: if I do it, will it get me rewards? Valency: are the rewards worth it?
44
Compressed workweek leads to?
Increased satisfaction Similar performance Deceased absenteeism
45
What's the difference between emic and etic?
Emic: study culture from within, see it as members do Etic: study with outside, with universally accepted means
46
What is incremental validity?
Degree that it'll increase decision making accuracy. | Need selection ratio, base rate, and validity coefficient
46
What's Solomon four group design?
Pretest posttest intervention group Pretest posttest control group Posttest only intervention group Posttest only control group
47
What are Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia's?
Broca: expressive, more frontal Wernicke's: receptive, with comprehension, diff recalling words (anomia), more temporal

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