EPPP 3 Flashcards
There’s evidence that, for some patients, depressive symptoms can be alleviated by either a placebo or an antidepressant and that a placebo and antidepressants affect the same area of the brain. More specifically, the research has found that
a placebo produces increased activity in the prefrontal cortex while antidepressants produce decreased activity
In a factor matrix, a communality indicates the proportion of variability
in a single test that’s accounted for by all of the identified factors
Bowlby’s theory of attachment was most influenced by
ethological theory
area of the brain has been identified as “ground zero” for Alzheimer’s disease
locus coeruleus
Behavioral treatments for narcolepsy are often not adequate and, consequently, are usually combined with medications. Which medication is most useful for reducing daytime sleepiness, improving nighttime sleep, and reducing cataplexy
sodium oxybate
Alvin, age 22, has experienced delusions and hallucinations for several months. The most likely diagnosis for Alvin is schizoaffective disorder if he has also experienced
concurrent episodes of major depression or mania for the duration of the disorder except for at least two weeks when delusions and hallucinations were present without mood episodes
According to the transtheoretical model, counterconditioning matches which stage of change
maintenance
The best conclusion that can be drawn from research on the impact of age and gender on psychotherapy outcomes is that
age and gender have little or no consistent impact on psychotherapy outcomes
Research suggests that ____________ is most useful for understanding the “testing effect.”
the mediator effectiveness hypothesis
A hypertensive crisis may occur when foods containing tyramine are consumed while taking which of the following drugs
phenelzine (an MAOI)
In the context of research, between-methods triangulation involves
collection of quantitative and qualitative data
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ordinarily has an
insidious onset that’s followed by a rapid decline in functioning
Research comparing patients with schizophrenia living in Western industrialized countries and non-Western developing countries has found that these patients differ in terms of
onset (more acute), course of the disorder (shorter), and rate of remission (higher rate)
A recently hired employee gets his first performance review and notices that, while the review is very positive and his supervisor has said many nice things about him, the supervisor has included a minor criticism of his written reports. This single criticism causes the employee to conclude that he’s worthless and will never get promoted out of his entry-level job. Aaron Beck would consider the employee’s conclusion to be an example of
Selective abstraction– take something small out of context and ignoring the bigger picture
__________ describe(s) temperament as constitutionally based individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation
Rothbart and Derryberry
Dr. Stein is a family therapist who believes therapy is most effective when all members of the immediate family attend all therapy sessions. During his second session with the Miller family, Mr. Miller is absent and Mrs. Miller says that, while her husband came to the first therapy session, he is unwilling to attend any additional sessions. The best course of action in this situation is for Dr. Stein to
refer Mrs. Miller to another family therapist who is willing to see only some members of the family
A prenatal care program that’s available to all pregnant women in a community is an example of what type of prevention
universal
When using aversive counterconditioning to treat a client’s fetishistic disorder, the fetish object is the
conditioned stimulus
Raising the cutoff of a selection test
decreases the number of true and false positives, and increases the number of true and false negatives
In their study of the relationship between IQ and socioeconomic status (SES), Capron and Duyme (1989) compared the later IQ scores obtained by four groups of children who had been adopted soon after birth and whose biological parents and adoptive parents were either high or low in SES. Their study found that
Regardless of SES of biological parents… being adopted by high SES parents had positive effect on IQ; being adopted by low SES parents had negative effect on IQ
According to the DSM-5, the onset of tics is usually between the ages of
4-6 years
Which are evidence-based treatments for binge-eating disorder
CBT and interpersonal tx
The presence of what core and suggestive features would help confirm a DSM-5 diagnosis of probable major or mild neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies
visual hallucinations (core) and REM sleep disorder (suggestive)
Physical and psychological fidelity are associated with
principle of identical elements (for job training)
A psychology intern has just started his geriatric rotation at a state hospital. After two weeks, he tells his supervisor that he’s having trouble with this rotation because his grandmother just received a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and most of the patients he’s seeing have the same diagnosis. The supervisor has noticed that the intern’s performance in the geriatric rotation is not up to his excellent performance in his other rotations. The best course of action for the supervisor is to
transfer the intern to another rotation (because his issue is time limited and isolated)
Dyslexia is the most common reading disorder and, of the types of dyslexia, _______ is most common
phonological
The first-line treatment for female orgasmic disorder (FOD) is generally considered to be
directed masturbation
The best conclusion about the results of research on the use of pharmacological treatments for cocaine addiction (substance use disorder in the DSM-5) is
Undetermined! The studies have not yet identified a pharmacological treatment that is consistently effective for this disorder
As defined by George Kelly (1963), personal constructs are
mental representations (bipolar dimensions of meaning) used to predict and interpret events
According to Lazarus’s (1991) cognitive appraisal theory, __________ appraisal occurs when a person determines what resources he or she has to cope with a stressful event
secondary (primary involves determining if an event is relevant)
What decreases the risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
breastfeeding and having the baby sleep on its back, keeping the crib bare
The studies suggest that children exhibit the greatest number of internalizing and externalizing behaviors and other problems when their divorced parents remarry when the children are
early adolescence (especially girls)
The __________ is known as the “body’s clock” because of its regulation of the sleep-wake cycle and other circadian rhythms
suprachiasmatic nucleus
Rivastigmine
cognition enhancing drug for Alzheimers and other cognitive disorders
Carbamazepine
anticonvulsant drug for seizures and bipolar disorder
Buspirone
anxiolytic used to treat anxiety
levadopa
increases dopamine levels, useful for beginning stages of Parkinson’s
Two point code 4-9/9-4 on MMPI
narcissistic and antisocial tendencies
Two point code 3-4/4-3 on MMPI
passive aggressive behavior, anger, poor insight
Two point code 7-8/8-7 on MMPI
emotional turmoil, psychosis, pessimism
Two point code 2-7/7-2 on MMPI
excessive worry, depression, physical complaints
Ten-year-old Tyler was brought to therapy by his mother at the recommendation of the school counselor who’s concerned about the recent decline in his grades and increasing oppositional behavior toward his teachers. After his fourth therapy session, you receive a letter from the counselor asking about the progress of his therapy. The letter is accompanied by an authorization to release information signed by his mother. You should
send the counselor only the information you believe is relevant to Tyler’s problems at school
What describes career development as paralleling the eight psychosocial stages identified by Erikson
Tiedeman and O’Hara’s career decision-making model
A structural family therapist is using what technique when he listens attentively to a family’s communications and then adopts the content of their communications to facilitate his ability to join the family and foster changes in the family structure
tracking (because it’s content adoption; style adoption would be mimesis)
Your new client’s primary symptoms are aggressive outbursts that have been recurrent and impulsive but have not caused damage or destruction of property or physical injury to other people or animals. To meet the diagnostic criteria for a DSM-5 diagnosis of intermittent explosive disorder, the client’s aggressive outbursts must have occurred, on average, at least _____ weekly for at least _____ months
twice weekly for at least three months
Providing adults with training on a demanding working memory task is likely to
improve their fluid intelligence even when the working memory task is not similar in format to the fluid intelligence task
Damage to the frontal lobe is least likely to have an adverse effect on
IQ scores (it WILL negatively impact motivation, judgment, and memory)
A group leader familiar with Janis’s groupthink is most likely to describe a “mindguard” as
an information filter (shielding the group from info that might have an adverse impact on group cohesiveness)
most effective medication for treatment-resistant schizophrenia
clozapine (2nd gen antipsychotic)
Based on a review of psychotherapy outcome studies, Hans Eysenck (1952) concluded that
72% of patients with neuroses can be expected to experience spontaneous recovery without treatment
A measure of fluid intelligence would not assess
numerical reasoning
neuroimaging technique most useful for distinguishing between neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease and other neurocognitive disorders
FDG-PET (because different subtypes often have distinct patterns of glucose metabolism)
Erikson described which of his stages of development as a period of psychosocial moratorium
identity vs. role confusion
Fiedler’s contingency model proposes that the optimal leadership style depends on which of the following
the leader’s position power, the nature of the relationships between the leader and the employees, and the task structure
In the context of operant conditioning, the matching law
predicts the effects of two or more concurrent schedules of reinforcement on the behaviors that are being reinforced (rate of responding = rate of reinforcement)
When scoring and interpreting the Rorschach test, form quality provides information on
the extent to which the examinee’s response matches the stimulus properties (actual shape) of the inkblot (form quality is a measure of perceptual accuracy)
Implicit memories are recorded and recalled without conscious effort. These memories are stored in
cerebellum and basal ganglia (because they are related to movement and implicit memories are also procedural memories)
Consumption of alcohol by pregnant women is most likely to cause major birth defects in their offspring when drinking occurs during which period of prenatal development
embryonic, 3-8 weeks
Toward the end of his second date with Susie S., Dr. Browne realizes that Susie is the sister of one of his clients. Dr. Brown is very attracted to Susie, would like to continue dating her, and thinks she could be “the one.” However, as an ethical psychologist, Dr. Browne
will continue dating Susie only if she’s the sister of a former (not current) client of his
Rosenfeld and Roesler (2019) compared the rates of marital dissolution of couples who had or had not cohabited prior to marriage. They found that couples who had cohabited had
a DECREASED risk for marital dissolution during the first year of marriage only
A therapist asks clients what they want and desire and what they’re doing to fulfill their wants and desires and then helps them evaluate the effectiveness of their behaviors and develop a plan of action. This therapist is a practitioner of
reality therapy (which uses the WDEP method- want, desire, evaluation, plan)
Cummings and C. G. Worley’s (2009) general model of planned change distinguishes between the following phases
entering and contracting, diagnosing, planning and implementing change, and evaluating and institutionalizing change
Informational influence is usually stronger than normative influence when the task is
ambiguous and difficult
What is true about the pharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder
SSRIs and SNRIs are both considered first-line txs
t’s common for children of immigrants to act as language brokers. Research on the effects of language brokering has found that it has:
both positive and negative effects on the child and the parent-child relationship
results of research investigating the effects of treatments for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) on children’s neurocognitive functioning
Chemotherapy and cranial irradiation are both associated with deficits in neurocognitive functioning
With regard to factors that affect the moral development of children
Piaget and Kohlberg both viewed the influence of peers as more important than the influence of parents
As described in the Privacy Rule of HIPAA, a therapist can deny clients access to their protected health information when they believe that access is
reasonably likely to endanger the life or physical safety of the client or another person
