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HDM > Epithelium & Integument > Flashcards

Epithelium & Integument Flashcards

1
Q
A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Endothelium

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2
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Simple Squamous Epithelium

Lining of body cavity

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3
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Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

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4
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Simple Columnar Epithelium

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5
Q
A

Stratified Squamous Nonkeratinized

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6
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Stratified Squamous Keratinized (Cornified)

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7
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Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

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8
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Stratified Columnar Epithelium

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9
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Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

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10
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Transitional Epithelium

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11
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Apical specialization:

Microvilli

Increase surface area

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12
Q
A

Sterocilia

Very long, non-motile microvilli

Rigid due to actin filaments

Absorption & Secretion

Found in epididymis and inner ear

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13
Q
A

Cilia

Mobile, hair-like projections, extension of cytoskeleton

Specilized for coordinated movement

Movement of cilia generates current for movement of fluids and particulate matter

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14
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A

Flagella

Mobility

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15
Q
A

1) Zonula Occludens (tight junctions)
2) Zonula adherens (adhering junctions)
3) Macula adherens (desmosome)
4) Gap junctions (connexons)

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16
Q
A

Tight Junctions

Arrows: Cell membranes

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17
Q

Function of Anchoring Junctions or Zonula Adherens?

A

Fasten cells to each other or extracellular matrix

Location: Beneath tight junctions (basolateral side)

Contain both plaques of myosin, tropomyosin, & vinculin on opposing membranes

Terminal web microfilaments insert to provide additional stability

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18
Q

Function of gap junctions?

A

Mediate intercellular communication by allowing rapid spread of info

(Allows passage of ions b/w cells)

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19
Q
A

Basement membrane

Made up of basal lamina & reticular lamina

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20
Q

Basal lamina

A

Contains:

Lamina lucida- extracellular glycoproteins (entactin, integrins, & laminin)

Lamina densa- mesh work of collagen IV fibrils

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21
Q

Reticular lamina

A

Produces by fibroblasts, composed of collagen I & III

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22
Q
A

Hemidesmosome

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23
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A

General organization of skin

A: Hair

B: Afferent nerve endings

C: Arrector muscle of hair

D: Collagen and elastic fibers

E: Sebaceous gland

F: Hair follicle

G: Fat

H: Cutaneous nerve

I: Lymphatic vessel

J: Superficial blood vessels

K: Skin ligament

L: Sweat gland

M: Epidermis

N: Dermis

O: Subcutaneous tissue (superficial fascia)

P: Deep fascia

Q: Skeletal muscle

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24
Q
A

Skin

Largest organ (16% of body weight)

Functions:

  • Physical, chemical, and biological barrier
  • Prevents desiccation
  • Synthesize Vit D3
  • Excretion
  • Thermoregulation
  • Touch sensation
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25
Q
A

Thick Skin

A: Duct of sweat gland

B: Sweat gland

C: Subcutaneous adipose tissue

26
Q
A

Thin Skin

A: Upper part of hair follicle

B: Sebacous gland

C: Sweat gland

27
Q

Thick Skin

A

Found on palmar hand and plantar food

Sweat glands

No hair

Very thick stratum corneum

Have epidermal ridges and furrows that correspond to dermal papillae

-Pattern consistent and unique (fingerprints)

28
Q

Thin Skin

A

Found everywhere BUT palmar hand and plantar foot

Has sweat and sebaceous glands

Hair

Thin stratum corneum

29
Q
A

Stratum Corneum

Stratum Lucidum

Stratum Granulosum

Stratum Spinosum

Stratum Basale

30
Q

Epidermis

A

Develops from ectoderm

Avascular

5 stratum

Keratinized stratified squamous

Free Nerve Endings (unencapsulated)

Replaced 15-30 days

31
Q
A

Stratum Basale

Simple columnar/cuboidal cells

Bound to keratinocytes by desmosomes (macula adherens)

Bound to basal lamina by hemidesmosomes at the dermal-epidermal junction

Mitotically active

Produces keratin (cytokeratin tonofilaments)

32
Q
A

Stratum spinosum

Bundles of tonofilaments associated with desmosomes (spiny appearance)

Prickle cell layer

Mitotically active

Stratum basale + stratum spinosum = Malphigian layer

Layer thickens with pressure –> corn & calluses

Makes keratohyalin granules and lemmelar granules

33
Q

SG?

A

Stratum granulosum

Distinct nucleus

Characterized by granules

Keratohyalin granules

Lamellar Granules

Cholesterol sulfate = glue

34
Q

Keratohyalin granules

A

Basophilic non-membrane bound granules

Cystine and histamine rich protein

Assembles keratin into bundles

35
Q

Lamellar Granules

A

Barrier to foreign material

Protects from dehydration

36
Q

SL?

A

Stratum Lucidum

Translucent band of cells

No organelles or nuclei

Only in thick skin

Densely packed keratin filaments

37
Q

SC?

A

Continuously exfoliated

Cells filled with mature keratin

38
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Most abundant

Makes keratin and lamellar granules

Final location of melanin

39
Q

Melanocytes

A

In stratum basale (no desmosomes)

Makes melanin

Transfers melanin to keratinocytes

Melanin:

  • Protects cell nucleus from UV radiation
  • Tyrosinase enzyme is UV sensative
  • Cytocrine secretion
40
Q

Langerhans Cells

A

DCs

In stratum spinosum

Easily damaged by UV radiation

Involved in immune system

Pale cytoplasm with long process

Contains Bierbeck’s granules

41
Q

Merkel cells

A

In stratum basale

Numerous in thick skin

Posses free nerve endings

Develop from neural crest

Act as mechanoreceptors

Part of diffuse neuroendocrine system

Can give rise to very bad skin cancer

42
Q
A

A: Keratinocyte

B: Merkel Cell

C: Langerhans cell

D: Melanocyte

43
Q

Dermis

A

Rich blood supply

Derived from mesoderm

2 layers:

  • Papillary layer
  • Reticular layer

Rich in elastic fibers

No regeneration

44
Q

Papillary layer

A

Layer of dermis

Contains Meissner’s corpuscles

45
Q
A

Meissener’s corpuscle

Mechanoreceptor

Touch

Prominent in lips, fingertips, plantar feet and genitals

Found in papillary layer of dermis

46
Q
A

Reticular layer of dermis

Dense irregular connective tissue:

  • type I collagen
  • elastic fibers (abundant)

Ateriovenous anastomoses (thermoregulation)

Pacinian corpuscles

Ruffini End organ (Krause End Bulbs)

Peritrichial Nerve Endings

47
Q
A

Pacinian Corpuscles:

  • Onion like appearance
  • Encapsulated pressure receptors
  • Larger and less numerous than Meissner’s corpuscle
  • Present in hypodermis too
48
Q
A

Ruffini End Organ:

  • Found in reticular layer of dermis
  • Responds to stretching
  • Present in skin and joint capsules
49
Q
A

Peritrichial Nerve Endings:

  • Found in reticular layer of dermis
  • Nerve fibers wrapped around the base of the hair follicle
  • Stimulated by hair movement
50
Q
A

A: Pacinian corpuscle

B: Meissner’s corpuscle

C: Ruffini End Organ

D: Peritrichial Nerve Ending

51
Q

Hypodermis

A

Superficial fascia (subcutaneous fascia)

Loose connective tissue

Derived from mesoderm

Loosely binds skin to underlying structures

Adipose Tissue

52
Q
A

A: Sebaceous Gland

B: Hair shaft

C: Arrector Pili muscle

D: Hair Bulb

53
Q
A

A: Hair bulb

B: Hair Matrix

C: Dermal Papilla

54
Q
A

A: External root sheath

B: Internal root sheath

C: Cuticle

D: Cortex

E: Medulla

55
Q
A

Glands are found deep in the dermis or hypodermis

Sebaceous glands

Abundant on face & scalp

Simple branched acinar

Single duct

A: Hair follicle

B: Arrector pili muscle

C: Sebaceous glands

D: Arrector pili muscle

56
Q
A

Sweat gland

57
Q
A

Sweat gland

58
Q
A

Sebaceous gland

  • Secrete sebum
  • Holocrine
  • Waxy mix of TAG and cholesterol
  • Lubricates & softens skin
  • Waterproofs skin
  • Obstruction of duct –> acne
  • Controlled hormonally
59
Q
A

Sweat gland

Eccrine (Merocrine) gland:

  • Watery secretory product: water, salt, ammonia, uric acid, and mucinogen granules
  • Thermoregulation

Apocrine gland:

  • Viscous secretory product: odorless initially, bacterial breakdown –> odor
  • Adrenergic regulation
  • Empties into hair follicle
  • Responds to hormones
60
Q

Specialized Apocrine glands

A
  • Ceruminous glands of the External auditory meatus: produces ear wax
  • Ciliary glands (of Moll): Associated with the eye lids and eye lashes

HDM (2 decks)

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