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Antomy Lecture 4 - Epithelium > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

What are tissues & what are the 4 basic kinds?

A

A group of closely associated cells that perform related functions and are similar in structure. There is epithelium, connective, muscle and nervous tissues

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2
Q

Define Epithelium

A

A sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a cavity and acts as an interface and as boundaries

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3
Q

What are the function of epithelium?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Sensory reception
  3. Secretion
  4. Formation of slippery surfaces for movement
  5. Absorption
  6. Ion transport
  7. Filtration
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4
Q

What are some special characteristics of epithelium?

A
  1. Cellularity
  2. Specialized contacts - cell junctions
  3. Polarity (free upper apical surface & lower basal surface)
  4. Support by connective tissue
  5. Avascular but innervated
  6. Regeneration
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5
Q

What are the three classifications for epithelium based on shape?

A
  1. squamous
  2. cuboidal
  3. columnar
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6
Q

Where would you find simple squamous epithelial cells?

A

Sites of rapid diffusion such as the lining of the lung alevoli, lining of the blood vessels, and body cavity linings

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7
Q

What is endothelium?

A

a simple squamous epihelium that lines the interior circulatory vessels and heart

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8
Q

What is mesothelium?

A

Simple squamous epithielium that lines the perioneal, plural and pericardial cavities and covers the viscera

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9
Q

Where would you mostly find simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

ducts of glands, more in the small duct.

Also in the pigmented layer of the retina, surface of the ovary and the follicular cells of the thyroid

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10
Q

Where are some common locations of simple columnar epithelium?

A

gallbladder
epithelium of digestive and uterus
uterine glands

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11
Q

Where would you find pseudostratifed epithelium?

A

found in the lining of the respiratory system and in the excretory ducts of the male reproductive system.

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12
Q

where would you find stratified squamous cells?

A

found where protection and transport are required, GI tract, vagina, and skin

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13
Q

where would you find transitional epithelium?

A

lines the walls of the urinary tract

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14
Q

what is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

A

Exocrine - external secretion onto body surfaces or into body cavities
Endocrine - secrete hormones to target organs

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15
Q

How are exocrine glands classified?

A

unicellular or multicellular

unicellular goblet cells are scattered within epithelial lining of intestines and respiratory tubes

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16
Q

what are some examples of exocrine gland products?

A 
sweat glands of skin 
oil glands of skin 
salivary glands of mouth 
liver 
pancreas
mammary glands
17
Q

What are the three epithelial surface features?

A
  1. Lateral - adhesion proteins, tongue
  2. Basal - basal lamina
  3. Apical
18
Q

Describe the structure and functions of the five main types of cell junctions.

A
  1. Tight junctions
    - inhibit the passage of substances between cells and prevent the contents of these leaking out into blood or tissue
  2. Adherens junctions
    - contain plaque which attaches to membrane proteins and to microfilaments. Cadherins join the cells. Adherin junctions help epithelial surfaces resist separation during contractile activities
  3. Desmosomes
    - this plaque attaches to intermediate filaments which contributes to the stability of cells and prevent epidermal cells from separating under tension
  4. Gap junctions
    - connexins form connexons connect neighbouring cells. Allows communication between cells.
  5. Hemidesmosomes
    - do not link adjacent cells and integrins attach to IFs and therefore hemidesmosomes anchor cells to the basement membrane
19
Q

What are the major differences between epithelial and connective tissue?

A
  1. Number of cells - epithelial tissue contains tightly packed cells with little or no extracellular matrix. In connective tissue there is a large amount of ECM.
  2. Epithelial tissue has no blood vessels, whereas connective has a vast network of blood vessels.
  3. Epi forms surface layers and arent covered by another layer of tissue.

Because of 2 & 3 epi tissue is always found adjacent to connective tissue which enables exchange with blood.

20
Q

what are the two forms of epithelium?

A
  1. covering and lining

2. glandular epithelium

Antomy Lecture 4 - Epithelium (1 decks)

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