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HISTO > Epithelial Tissues > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

cells work together in functionally related group called____

A

Tissues

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2
Q

Types of Tissues

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

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3
Q

General characteristics of Epithelial Tissues

A
  • covers body surfaces and lines body cavities

- forms most glands

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4
Q

Functions of Epithelial tissues

A

Protection (underlying structures, bacteria/harmful substances)
Absorption (nutrients. exchange of gases, lining of stomach/small intestine), secretion (hormones, sweat, digestive juices) and ion absorption
Filtration
Forms slippery surfaces

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5
Q

Special Characteristics of Epithelial Tissues

A 
Polarity (apical, basal, lateral)
Cellularity (contains almost entirely of cells)
Support by connective tissue
Specialized contacts
Avascular (lacks blood vessels)
Innervated (rich in nerve supply)
Regeneration (by cell division)
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6
Q

UNDER Lateral Surface Features

A

Factors holding epithelial tissues together

  • Adhesion proteins link plasma membranes of adjacent cells
  • Contours of adjacent cell membrane
  • Special Cell Junctions
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7
Q

Enumerate Special Cell Junctions

A 
Tight Junction (zona occludens)
Adherens junction (zonula adherens)
Desmosomes
Gap junction (?)
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8
Q

Under Zona occludens

A
  • Close off intercellular space
  • Found @ the apical region where most epithelial types
  • Some proteins in plasma membrane of adjacent cells are fused
  • Prevent molecules to pass between cells of epithelial tissue
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9
Q

it is where some proteins in plasma membrane of adjacent cells are fused

A

Zona occludens

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10
Q

Under Adherens junction

A
  • Anchoring junction
  • Transmembrane linker proteins attach to the actin microfilaments of cytoskeleton and bind adjacent cells
  • Along w/ tight junction, form tight junctional complex around apical lateral borders of epithelial tissue
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11
Q

it is where the formation of tight junctional complex around apical lateral borders of epithelial tissue occurs

A

Adherens junction (zonula adherens)

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12
Q

Under Desmosomes

A
  • two disc-like plaques connected across intercellular space
  • Plaques of adjoining cells are joined by proteins called cadherins
  • Proteins interdigitate into extracellular space
  • Intermediate filaments insert into plaques from cytoplasmic side
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13
Q

it is where intermediate filaments insert into plaques from cytoplasmic side

A

Desmosomes

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14
Q

it is where proteins interdigitate into extracellular space

A

Desmosomes

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15
Q

Under Gap junctions

A
  • Passageway bet. 2 adjacent cells
  • let small molecules move directly between neighboring cells
  • cells are connected by hollow cylinders of protein
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16
Q

a noncellular supporting sheet between the _____ and the _____ tissue deep to it.

A

Basal Lamina
epithelium
connective tissue

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17
Q

Basal lamina consists _____ selected by the epithelial cells

A

proteins

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18
Q

Functions of Basal Lamina

A
  • Acts as a selective filter, determining w/c molecules from capillaries enter the epithelium.
  • Acts as scaffolding along w/c regenerating epithelial cells can migrate
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19
Q
  • Acts as a selective filter, determining w/c _____from _______enter the epithelium.
  • Acts as scaffolding along w/c ______ _____cells can _____.
A

molecules-capillaties

regenerating epithelial cells-migrate

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20
Q

UNDER (main) Classifications & Naming of Epithelia Rule

A 
First name- # of layers
Last name- shape of cells
-# OF LAYERS
-SHAPE OF CELLS
-The name may also include any ACCESSORY STRUCTURES
-SPECIAL EPITHELIAL TISSUES
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21
Q

Under # of Layers

A

Simple

Stratified

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22
Q

Shape of Cells

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

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23
Q

The name may also include any accessory structures

A

Goblet cells
Cilia
Keratin

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24
Q

Special epithelial tissues

A

Pseudostratified

Transitional

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25
Q

DIFF. CLASSIFICATION OF EPITHELIA

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

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26
Q

single layer of flat cells w/ disc-shaped nuclei

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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27
Q

Special Types of Simple Squamous Epithelium

A

Endothelium- inner covering

Mesothelium- middle covering

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28
Q

Function of Simple Squamous Epithelium

A
  • Passage of materials by passive diffusion and filtration

- Secretes lubricating substances in serosae

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29
Q

Location of Simple Squamous Epithelium

A
  • Renal corpuscles
  • Alveoli of lungs
  • Lining of heart, blood, and lymphatic vessels
  • Lining of ventral body cavity
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30
Q

single layer of cube-like cells w/ large, spherical central nuclei

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

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31
Q

Function of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A

Secretion and absorption

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32
Q

Location of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A

kidney tubules, secretory portions of small glands, ovary & thyroid follicles

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33
Q

single layer of column-shaped (rectangular) cells oval nuclei

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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34
Q

Function of Simple Columnar Epithelium

A
  • Absorption, secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances
  • Ciliated type propels mucus or reproductive cells by ciliary action
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35
Q

Location of Simple Columnar Epithelium

A

Non-Ciliated
-Lines digestive tract, gallbladder, ducts of some glands
Ciliated Form
-Lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, uterus.

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36
Q

all cells originate at basement membrane

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

37
Q

only tall cells reach the apical surface

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

38
Q

may contain goblet cells and bear cilia

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

39
Q

gives false impression of stratification

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

40
Q

Function of Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

A

secretion of mucus; propulsion of mucus by cilia

41
Q

Location of Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

A 
Non-Ciliated Type
-Ducts of male reproductive tubes
-Ducts of large glands
Ciliated Type
-Lines trachea and most of upper respiratory tract`
42
Q

many layers of cells

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

43
Q

Special types of Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A

Keratinized

Non-Keratinized

44
Q

Functions of Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A

Protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion

45
Q

Location of Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A

Keratinized – forms epidermis

Non-keratinized – forms lining of esophagus, mouth, and vagina

46
Q

Basal cells usually cuboidal or columnar

A

Transitional Epithelium

47
Q

Superficial cells dome-shaped or squamous

A

Transitional Epithelium

48
Q

Function of Transitional Epithelium

A

stretches and permits distension of urinary bladder`

49
Q

Location of Transitional Epithelium

A

Lines of ureters, urinary bladder, and some parts of urethra

50
Q
  • Arise during fetal life from covering epithelia by

- Proliferation of cells and their down growth into the underlying connective tissue

A

Glandular Epithelia/Glands

51
Q

Types of Glands

Based on Path of Release of their Products

A

Endocrine Gland

Exocrine Gland

52
Q
  • Glands that retain their connection with surface epithelium
A

Exocrine Gland

53
Q
  • Connection is transformed into _____ducts lined with ______ cells through which the (absorption or secretion?) pass to reach the surface
A

tubular
epithelial
secretion
Exocrine Gland

54
Q
  • Secretory portion and ducts
A

Exocrine Gland

55
Q

Examples of Exocrine Gland

A

sweat gland, sebaceous gland, salivary gland, mammary gland

56
Q

Types of Exocrine Gland

Based on the Number of Cells

A

Unicellular

Multicellular

57
Q
  • Consist of isolated glandular cells
A

Unicellular

58
Q

Examples of Unicellular

A

Goblet cells

59
Q
  • Composed of cluster of cells (_____)
A

Multicellular

acinar

60
Q
  • Secretory portion and ductal portion
A

Multicellular

61
Q

Examples of Multicellular

A

salivary gland, exocrine pancreas

62
Q
  • Multicellular Exocrine Gland

Based on the Number of Ducts

A

Simple glands

Compound glands

63
Q

Have only one unbranched duct

A

Simple glands

64
Q

Have ducts with 2 or more branches

A

Compound glands

65
Q
  • Multicellular Exocrine Gland

Based on the Secretory Portion

A

Tubular
Acinar
Either type may be branched
Compound: tubular, acinar or tubuloacinar

66
Q

short or long and coiled

A

Tubular

67
Q

round or globular

A

Acinar

68
Q
  • Can also be classified by MODE or TYPE of SECRETION
A

Merocrine secretion
Apocrine secretion
Holocrine secretion

69
Q
  • May also be classified by types of secretions from exocrine glands
A

Serous
Mucous
Mixed

70
Q
  • Polyhedral or pyramidal cells
A

Serous Cells

71
Q
  • Central rounded nuclei
A

Serous Cells

72
Q
  • Small lumen
A

Serous Cells

73
Q
  • Watery secretions
A

Serous Cells

74
Q

Examples of Serous Cells

A

pancreas, parotid salivary glands

75
Q
  • Expanded apical end filled with pale- staining droplets of strongly hydrophilic glycoproteins called _____
A

Mucous Cells

mucin

76
Q
  • Nucleus located at the cell base
A

Mucous Cells

77
Q
  • Larger lumen
A

Mucous Cells

78
Q
  • Mucus secretion
A

Mucous Cells

79
Q

Example of Mucous Cells

A

goblet cells

80
Q
  • Gland whose connection with the ____is (lost or not lost?) during development
A

Endocrine Gland
surface
lost

81
Q
  • Release their products into the bloodstream for transport to target tissues
A

Endocrine Gland

82
Q

Endocrine Gland 2 Types (based on ARRANGEMENT of cells)

A
  • Those that form anastomosing cords interspersed between dilated blood capillaries
  • Those arranged as vesicles or follicles filled with noncellular materials
83
Q

Examples of those that form anastomosing cords interspersed between dilated blood capillaries

A

adrenals, parathyroid, anterior pituitary

84
Q

Examples of those arranged as vesicles or follicles filled with noncellular materials

A

thyroid gland

85
Q

UNDER Control of Glandular Activity

A

Hormonal
Humoral
Neural

86
Q

Under Hormonal

A

Thyroid, adrenal cortex, ovary, testes

87
Q

Under Humoral

A

Parathyroid

88
Q

Neural

A

Adrenal medulla, salivary glands

89
Q

Nuclei lie at varying heights within cells

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

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