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MLSCI 250 > Epithelial Tissues > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Role of epithelial tissues?

A 
Selective diffusion
Absorption
Secretion
Physical protection
Containment
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2
Q

Epithelial cells are closely bound to one another by?

A

Cell junctions

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3
Q

Role of epithelial cell junctions?

A

Provide physical strength

Mediate exchange of “information” and metabolites

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4
Q

Epithelial are supported by…?

A

Basement membrane

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5
Q

Role of basement membrane

A

Separate epithelia from underlying support tissues

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6
Q

How is epithelia classified?

A
  1. Number of cell layers (simple vs stratified)
  2. Cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar)
  3. Presence of surface specializations (cilia, villi, microvilli)
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7
Q

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

A

Lung (pleural), heart (pericardial), or abdominal (peritoneal) cavities

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7
Q

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

A

Lung (pleural), heart (pericardial), or abdominal (peritoneal) cavities

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8
Q

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Passive transport of either gases or fluids

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9
Q

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?

A

On small ducts and tubules

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10
Q

Function of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Has excretory, secretory, or absorptive functions

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11
Q

Where is simple columnar epithelium found?

A

highly absorptive surfaces like the small intestine

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12
Q

What is the function of simple columnar epithelium?

A

Absorption and secretion

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13
Q

What is the function of simple columnar ciliated epithelium?

A

Cilia move in a wave-like manner to propel fluid or minute particles

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14
Q

Where is pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium found?

A

Large airways in the respiratory tract (which is why its also known as respiratory epithelium)

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15
Q

Why is respiratory epithelium called “pseudostratified”

A

All cells lie on one basement membrane but the nuclei are on different levels

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16
Q

What is the main function of stratified epithelia?

A

Protection

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17
Q

Where is stratified squamous epithelium located?

A

Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, anal canal, uterine cervix, and vagina

18
Q

Where is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium found? How does the keratin help?

A

Found on epithelial surface of skin (epidermis). Helps withstand constant abrasion and desiccation

19
Q

Where is stratified cuboidal epithelium located?

A

Lines larger excretory ducts (eg. salivary glands)

20
Q

Where is transitional epithelium located? What is its other name?

A

Urinary tract, urothelium

21
Q

Where is transitional epithelium located? What is its other name?

A

Urinary tract, urothelium

22
Q

What makes transitional epithelium unique?

A

Has both features from stratified cuboidal and stratified squamous epithelium

23
Q

What are the three types of cell junctions?

A

Occluding (tight) junctions, Adhering junctions, communicating (gap or nexus) junctions

24
Q

What is the role of tight junctions?

A

Seal intercellular spaces and prevent migration of “floating” membrane proteins

25
Q

What is the role of adhering junctions?

A

Tightly bind constituent cells of epithelium together and act as anchorage sites for cytoskeleton of each cell

26
Q

What are the types of adhering junctions and their respective roles?

A

Zonula adherens - forms a continuous band and provides structural reinforcement
Desmosomes - provide stability and strength

27
Q

What is the role of the communicating junctions?

A

Permits passage of small molecules between adjacent cells

28
Q

What is the role of the communicating junctions?

A

Permits passage of small molecules between adjacent cells

29
Q

What are the luminal surface specializations?

A

Cilia, microvilli, stereocilia

30
Q

What is the structure and role of cilia?

A

Structure: long, motile structures, has a central core axoneme made of 20 microtubules arranged as a central pair surrounded by nine peripheral doublets. Each complete tubule has arms made of dynein that extend towards incomplete tubule of adjacent doublet and towards the central microtubule pair.
Role: moves in a wave-like motion to propel surface films of mucus or fluid in a consistent direction

31
Q

What is the structure and role of microvilli?

A

Structure: minute finger-like projections, cytoplasmic core of each microvillus has fine actin filaments that insert into terminal web. Terminal web anchored to zonula adherens
Role: increase surface area available for absorption

32
Q

What is the structure and role of stereocilia?

A

Structure: extremely long microvilli, internal structure is a filamentous skeleton, found in small numbers in parts of the male reproductive tract
Role: facilitate absorption

33
Q

What are the basal surface specializations?

A

hemidesmosomes

34
Q

Role of hemidesmosomes

A

Means of anchorage of cell via its cytoskeleton to basement membrane + underlying support tissues

35
Q

What are exocrine glands?

A

glands that discharge secretory product via duct onto epithelial surface

36
Q

What are endocrine glands?

A

ductless glands with secretory products that diffuse directly into the bloodstream

37
Q

What’s the difference between a simple and compound gland?

A

Simple glands don’t have a branched duct. Compound branches do have a branched duct

38
Q

What are the types of secretion from exocrine glands?

A

Eccrine - mainly proteins secreted via exocytosis
Apocrine - discharge of membrane-bound vesicles containing secretory product, mainly lipids
Holocrine - disintegration of secretory cell to release secretory product

39
Q

Secretory products of some exocrine glands are embraced by contractile cells called ______

A

Myoepithelial cells

40
Q

The secretory products of endocrine glands are called hormones. True or False?

A

True

41
Q

Endocrine gland products only affect activity locally. True or False?

A

False, controls activity of cells and tissues far removed from site of secretion

42
Q

How do endocrine glands release spread hormones?

A

Via the network of small blood vessels that surround them

MLSCI 250 (1 decks)

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