epithelial tissue and connective tissue Flashcards
Description of Tissue: SIngle layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm; the simplest of the epithelia
Location of Tissue: Kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs; lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral body cavity
Tissue Functions: Allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae
simple squamous
Description of Tissue: Single layer of cubelike cells with large, spherical central nuclei
Location of Tissue: Kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary surface
Tissue Functions: Secretion and absorption
simple cuboidal
Description of Tissue: Single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei; some cells bear cillia; layer may contain mucus secreting unicellular glands
Location of Tissue: Nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to anal cells), gallbladder, and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus
Tissue Functions: Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliary action
simple columnar
Description of Tissue: Single layer of cells differing heights, some not reaching the free surface; nuclei seen at different levels; may contain mucus-searching cells and bear cilia
Location of Tissue: Nonciliated type in male’s sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of large glands; ciliated variety lines the trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract
Tissue Functions: Secretion, particularly of mucus; propulsion of music by ciliary action
pseudostratified columnar
Description of Tissue: Thick membrane composed of several cell layers; basal cells are cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active; surface cells are flattened (squamous); in the keratinized type, the surface cells are full of keratin and dead; basal cells are active in mitosis and produce the cells of the more superficial layers
Location of Tissue: Nonkeratinized type forms the most linings of the esophagus, mouth, and vagina; keratinized variety forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry membrane
Tissue Functions: Protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion
stratified squamous
Description of Tissue: Resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal; basal cells cuboidal or columnar; surface cells dome shaped or squamouslike, depending on degree of organ stretch
Location of Tissue: Lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra
Tissue Functions: Stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine
transitional
Description of Tissue: Primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers; some elastic fibers; major cell type is the fibroblast
Location of Tissue: Fibrous capsules of organs and joints; dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract
Functions of Tissue: Able to withstand tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength
areolar
Description of Tissue: Matrix as in areolar, but very sparse; closely packed adipocytes, or fat cells, have nucleus pushed to the side by large fat droplet
Location of Tissue: Under skin in the hypodermis; around kidneys and eyeballs; within abdomen; in breasts
Tissue Functions: Provides reserve food fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs
adipose
Description of Tissue: Network of reticular fibers in a typical loose ground substance; reticular cells tie on the network
Location of Tissue: Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen)
Tissue Functions: Fibers form a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types including white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages
reticular
Description of Tissue: Primarily parallel collagen fibers; a few elastic fibers; major cell type is the fibroblast
Location of Tissue: Tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses
Tissue Functions: Attaches muscles to bones or to muscles; attaches bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction
dense regular
Description of Tissue: Amorphous but firm matrix; collagen fibers form an imperceptible network; chondroblasts produce the matrix when mature (chondrocytes) lie in lacunae
Location of Tissue: Forms most of the embryonic skeleton; covers the ends of long bones in joint cavities; forms costal cartilages of the ribs; cartilages of the nose, trachea and larynx
Tissue Functions: Supports and reinforces; has resilient cushioning properties; resists compressive stress
hyaline cartilage
Description of Tissue: Similar to hyaline cartilage, but more elastic fibers in matrix
Location of Tissue: Supports the external ear (pinna); epiglottis
Tissue Functions: Maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility
elastic cartilage
Description of Tissue: Matrix similar to but less firm than that in hyaline cartilage; thick collagen fibers predominate
Location of Tissue: Intervertebral discs; pubic symphysis; discs of the knee joint
Tissue Functions: Tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock
fibrocartilage
Description of Tissue: Hard, calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers; osteocytes lie in lacunae; very well vascularized
Location of Tissue: Bones
Tissue Functions: Bone supports and protects (by enclosing); provides levers for the muscles to act on; stores calcium and other minerals and fat; marrow inside bones is the site for blood cell information (hematopoiesis)
osseous (bone)
Description of Tissue: Red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)
Location of Tissue: Contained within blood vessels
Tissue Functions: Transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances
blood
