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Med Careers > Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Where are epithelial tissues located?

A

They form the outer layer and sit on top of other tissues. Also, they make up glands and line the inside of hollow organs.

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2
Q

Name some characteristics of epithelial tissue.

A

They have an apex (or free top), cellularity, are avascular with nerve endings (innervation), regenerative, have cilia or microvilli, and are anchored with desmosomes and tight junctions (to form sheets of cells).

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3
Q

Define Squamous.

A

Flat or squashed.

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4
Q

Define Cubodial.

A

Cube-shaped.

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5
Q

Define Columnar

A

Column-like (nuclei sit at the bottom).

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6
Q

Define Transitional.

A

Stretchy and variably shaped.

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7
Q

What is simple epithelial tissue?

A

Has a single layer.

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8
Q

What is stratified epithelial tissue?

A

Has several layers.

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9
Q

What does the endocrine gland do?

A

Makes products and secretes them into the matrix. Capillaries come inside the gland to pick up the horomone.

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10
Q

What does the exocrine gland do?

A

Using a duct, it secretes the product outside the cell. Products may include saliva, mucous, sweat, milk, reproductive fluids, oil/wax, and enzymes.

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11
Q

What are the three methods exocrine cells use for secretion, and how do they do it?

A
  • Merocrine secretion- cells release the product through exocytosis. (Ex: Mucus)
  • Apocrine secretion- the apex of cells become full of product, pinches off and moves into the duct, and finally breaks down, releasing the product. (Ex: Milk)
  • Holocrine secretion- the whole cell becomes full of product and ruptures to release the product. (Ex: sebaceous/oil gland with hair follicles).
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12
Q

Melanocytes release what type of pigment in response to the sun?

A

Melanin

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13
Q

What is keratin?

A

A tough protective and waterproof protein.

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14
Q

What is desquamification?

A

Since they-re dead, cells respond to friction by falling off. This takes friction away from the body.

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15
Q

What are the two types of skin cancer with a 99% cure rate, and what causes them?

A

Basal cell carcinoma (80% of skin cancers) and squamous cell carcinoma (15% of skin cancers). Too much sun exposure causes both.

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16
Q

What is the most deadly type of skin cancer, which grows through the basement membrane and spreads?

A

Malignant melanoma (it counts for 3-5% of skin cancers, and is growing).

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17
Q

What does basal cell carcinoma look like?

A

It looks like a pimple that will not go away.

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18
Q

What does squamous cell carcinoma look like?

A

It can appear red and scaly (may bleed), but does not heal or go away.

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19
Q

What are moles?

A

Groups of melanocytes.

20
Q

What is the ABCD method of looking for skin cancer?

A

A: Asymmetry

B: Boarder

C: Color

D: Diameter

21
Q

What burns are known as partial thickness burns and will heal with no scarring?

A

1st and 2nd degree burns.

22
Q

Explain 1st degree burns (i.e. the signs and symptomes, healing time, treatment, and what the burn is).

A

S&S: painful, red, no blisters

Healing time: 3-7 days

Treatment: cool compress and aloe vera

*The top part of the epidermis is burned, which irritates nerve endings.

23
Q

Explain 2nd degree burns (i.e. the signs and symptoms, healing time, treatment, and what it is).

A

S&S: painful, red, blisters, pealing of damaged/dead skin days later.

Healing time: 7-10 days, depending on the burn.

Treatment: cool compress, aloe vera, and do not break blisters.

*Burn in the epidermis and into the dermis.

24
Q

Explain 3rd degree burns (i.e. the signs and symptoms, healing time, treatment, and what it is).

A

S&S: no pain, whitish/grayish color, skin slippage, and oozing of fluid.

Healing time: months to a year, depending on location and percentage of body burned.

Treatment: IV fluid administation, increase calorie intake, IV antibiotics, debriedment (removal of dead skin), wrapping wound with protective covering or skin grafts, and therapy (physical/emotional)

*Burn that is the entire thickness of the epidermis and dermis

25
Q

How is the percentage of the body burned determined?

A

By using the “rule of nines”.

26
Q

What do epithelial membranes contain?

A

A layer of epithelial tissue and bottom layer of a specialized connective tissue.

27
Q

Explain cutaneous membranes.

A

It functions like a tarp over a boat (Ex: skin).

28
Q

Explain mucous membranes.

A

They line the openings to the outside and contain cells that produce mucous. (Ex: urinary, respiratory, reproductive, and digestive tract).

29
Q

Explain serous membranes.

A

Two layered membrane with space between. There is parietal (lines the walls of cavities) and visceral (wraps around organs). They both produce serous fluid, which reduces friction between tissues and organs.

30
Q

Give the structure, function, and location of simple squamous epithelium tissue.

A

Structure: Single layer of flattened cells.

Function: Good with diffusion.

Location: Lines the inside of blood vessels, the heart, and the walls of capillaries. Also, respinsible for feeding tissue and alveoli.

31
Q

Give the structure, function, and location of simple cuboidal epithelium tissue.

A

Structure: single layer of cube-shaped cells with nuclei in the middle.

Function: secretion and some absorption.

Location: kidney tubulesand ducts of some glands (salivary, thyroid, pancreas, and liver) and glands.

32
Q

Give the structure, function, and location for simple columnar epithelium tissue.

A

Structure: elongated cells with nuclei at the bottom, and often have microvilli or cilia.

Function: absorption, and cilia help move things.

Location: line of uterus/fallopian tubes, stomach, and intestines.

33
Q

Give the structure, function, and location for psudostratified columnar epithelium tissue.

A

Structure: looks like more than one layer, but it is not. It has goblet cells and cilia, but not all nuclei are at the bottom.

Function: sweep debris out of lungs, and goblet cells produce mucin and histamine.

Location: onlly found in lining of the upper respiratory tract (trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles).

34
Q

Where does classification of stratified tissue come from?

A

Top layer of cells.

35
Q

Give the structure, function, and location of stratified squamous epithelium tissue.

A

Structure: flattened layers of cells.

Function: wear and tear tissue. It is made to take lots of low energy friction, exposure to environment, and protect us from fluid loss and invasion.

Location: outer layer of skin, and lines the mouth, throat, vagina, and anal canal.

36
Q

Give the structure, function, and location of stratified cubodial epithelium tissue.

A

Structure: 2-3 layers of cubodial cells lining an opening of larger glands.

Function: provides greater protection that a single layer; secretors.

Location: mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas.

37
Q

Give the structure and location of stratified columnar epithelium tissue.

A

Structure: several layers of columnar cells.

Location: vas deferens and parts of the pharynx; junction of distal esophagus and cardiac sphincter (not located in many places).

38
Q

What is the significance to transitional epithelium tissue?

A

Designed to distend and return to its normal size, like in the line of the urinary bladder.

39
Q

What tissue is this?

A

Simple Squamous

40
Q

What tissue is this?

A

Simple Cuboidal

41
Q

What tissue is this?

A

Simple Columnar

42
Q

What tissue is this?

A

Psudostratified Columnar

43
Q

What tissue is this?

A

Stratified Squamous

44
Q

What tissue is this?

A

Stratified Cuboidal

45
Q

What tissue is this?

A

Stratified Columnar

46
Q

What tissue is this?

A

Transitional

Med Careers (1 decks)

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