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ANAT 200 - TISSUE TYPES > EPITHELIAL TISSUE > Flashcards

EPITHELIAL TISSUE Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five characteristics of epithelia?

A
  1. Continuous
  2. Avascular
  3. Rest on a basal lamina
  4. Little extracellular matrix
  5. Polarized (apical and basolateral surfaces differ)
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2
Q

What does continuous mean?

A

On all body surfaces; there is no break

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3
Q

What does avascular mean?

A

No blood vessels out on epithelium

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4
Q

Where is the apical (free) surface located?

A

On the outside/closer to the outside world

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5
Q

Where is the basal surface located?

A

On the inside

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6
Q

What is the basal lamina?

A
  • Where communication between the epithelium and
    connective tissue occur
  • Acts as a selective barrier
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7
Q

Do all epithelia serve the same functions?

A

No, different types of epithelia serve different functions

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8
Q

How is epithelia named?

A
  • The number of layers of cell
  • The shape of the cells in the outermost layer
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9
Q

What are the seven classifications of epithelia?

A
  1. Simple squamous
  2. Simple cuboidal
  3. Simple columnar
  4. Stratified squamous
  5. Stratified columnar
  6. Pseudostratified columnar
  7. Transitional
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10
Q

What are the four characteristics of simple squamous epithelium?

A
  1. Single fine layer of flat, delicate cells
  2. Lines body cavities (mesothelium - pleural and pericardial cavities)
  3. Lines heart chambers and blood vessels (endothelium)
  4. Lines site of gas exchange in the lungs
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11
Q

What are the three functions of simple squamous epithelium?

A
  1. Reduces friction
  2. Controls vessel permeability
  3. Performs absorption and secretion
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12
Q

Where are the five locations that simple squamous epithelium is found?

A
  1. Mesothelia lining ventral body cavities
  2. Endothelia lining heart and blood vessels
  3. Portions of kidney tubules (thin sections of loop of Henle)
  4. Inner lining of cornea
  5. Alveoli of lungs
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13
Q

What do you call a single layer of cells?

A

Simple

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14
Q

What do you call more than a single layer of cells?

A

Stratified epithelium

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15
Q

What are the two characteristics of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A
  1. Single layer of cells
  2. Cell heigh equal width
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16
Q

Where are the two places simple cuboidal epithelium found?

A
  1. In areas where secretion or absorption occur
  2. Found in glands and their ducts
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17
Q

Why is simple cuboidal epithelium found in area where secretion or absorption occur?

A

Because there is more room inside the cell for machines to function

18
Q

What does the simple cuboidal epithelium line?

A

Line portions of the kidney tubule system

19
Q

What are the two functions of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A
  1. Limited protection
  2. Secretion and/or absorption
20
Q

Where are the four locations where simple cuboidal epithelium is found?

A
  1. Glands
  2. Ducts
  3. Portions of kidney tubules
  4. Thyroid gland
21
Q

What are the two characteristics of simple columnar epithelium?

A
  1. Simple layer of cells
  2. Cells taller than they are wide - provide protection
22
Q

What three things does the simple columnar epithelium line?

A

Lines:
1. Digestive tract
2. Fallopian tubes
3. Excretory ducts (gall bladder)

23
Q

What are the three functions of simple columnar epithelium?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Secretion
  3. Absorption
24
Q

What does the microvilli help in simple columnar epithelium?

A

Increase surface area (absorption/secretion)

25
Q

What are the three characteristics of stratified squamous epithelium?

A
  1. Stratified cells
  2. Outermost layer is squamous
  3. Forms outer layer of skin
26
Q

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found?

A

Where mechanical stresses are severe

27
Q

What does the stratified squamous epithelium line?

A

Lines:
1. Rectum
2. Anus
3. Mouth
4. Esophagus
5. Vagina

28
Q

What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Provides physical protection against abrasion, pathogens, and chemical attack

29
Q

What is important in stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Keratin - prevents dehydration since it’s a hydrating barrier

30
Q

What are the three characteristics of stratified cuboidal epithelium?

A
  1. Two to three layers of cells
  2. Outermost layer of cells of equal heigh and width
  3. Relatively rare
31
Q

What does the stratified cuboidal epithelium line?

A

Lines larger ducts of exocrine glands

32
Q

Where are stratified cuboidal epithelium found?

A

Found in ducts of sweat and mammary glands

33
Q

What are the three functions of stratified cuboidal epithelium?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Secretion
  3. Absorption
34
Q

What are the three characteristics of stratified columnar epithelium?

A
  1. Multiple layers of cells
  2. Height of outer layer of cells greater than width
  3. Relatively rare
35
Q

What is important about pseudostratified columnar?

A

All cells touch basal lamina but not all may reach luminal surface (apical surface)

36
Q

What is the function of stratified columnar epithelium?

A

Protection

37
Q

Where stratified columnar epithelium found?

A

Found in large excretory ducts and portions of pharynx, urethra and anus

38
Q

What is a characteristic of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

Nuclei appear at multiple levels due to different heights of cells

39
Q

Where are pseudostratified columnar epithelium found?

A

Found in respiratory system and male reproductive tract (creates blood barrier - prevents sperm from being killed by immune cells in the testes)

40
Q

What are the two functions of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Secretion
41
Q

What are the two characteristics of transitional epithelium?

A
  1. Multiple layers of cells
  2. Outermost cells large and dome-shaped
42
Q

Where are transitional epithelium found?

A

Found only in urinary tract (bladder - no other structure expands and retracts)

ANAT 200 - TISSUE TYPES (6 decks)

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