Epithelial Tissue

Question 1

Epithelial tissue includes?

Answer 1

Epithelia and glands

Question 2

Glands

Answer 2

Structures that produce fluid secretions

Question 3

Functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 3

Provide protection, control permeability, provide sensations, produce specialized secretions (glandular epithelium)

Question 4

Characteristics of epithelia

Answer 4

Polarity (apical+basal surfaces), cellularity (cell junctions), attachment (basement membrane), avascularity (avascular), regeneration

Question 5

Specializations of epithelial cells (what does it do)

Answer 5

Moves fluids over the epithelium (protection), moves fluid ds through the epithelium (permeability) I produce secretions (protection+ messaging)

Question 6

Polarity

Answer 6

Apical surface - microvilli increase absorption or secretion
- cilia on a ciliates epithelium move fluids
Basolateral surface

Question 7

Integrity of epithelia is maintained by (think of buildings or humans)

Answer 7

Intercellular connections
Attachment to the basement membrane
Epithelial maintenance and repair

Question 8

Intercellular connections

Answer 8

-Support cell communications
- cell adhesion molecules (cams)
Transmembrane proteins
Proteoglycan act as intercellular cement
-contain glycosaminoglycans such as hyaloronan (hyaluronic acid)

Question 9

Cell adhesion molecules (cams)

Answer 9

Transmembrane proteins

Question 10

Cell junctions

Answer 10

Form bonds with other cells or extracellular material
1. Gap junctions
2. Tight junctions
3. Desmosomes

Question 11

Gap junctions

Answer 11

• allows rapid communication
• cells held together by interlocking transmembrane proteins (connexons)
  -Allow small molecules and to ions to pass
• coordinate contractions in heart muscles

Question 12

Tight junctions

Answer 12

-Between 2 plasma membranes
-Adhesion belt attaches to terminal web
- prevent passage of water and solutes
- keep enzymes, acids, and wastes in the lumen of the digestive tract

Question 13

DeSmosomes

Answer 13

Cams and proteglycans link opposing plasma membranes
Spot desmosomes
-Tie cells together
- allow bending and twisting
Hemidesmosomes
- attach cells to the basement membrane

Question 14

Spot desmosomes

Answer 14

Ties cells together
Allow bending and twisting

Question 15

Hemidesmosomes

Answer 15

Attach the cells to the basement membrane

Question 16

Basal Lamina

Answer 16

Closest to the epithelium

Question 17

Epithelial cells are replaced by

Answer 17

Continual division of stem cells
Located near basement membrane

Question 18

Simple squamous epithelia (function)

Answer 18

Absorption and diffusion

Question 19

Mesothelium

Answer 19

Lines body cavities

Question 20

Endothelium

Answer 20

Forms inner lining of heart and blood vessels

Question 21

Stratified squamous epithelia

Answer 21

Protect against mechanical stresses
Keratin adds strength and water resistance

Question 22

Simple cuboidal epithelia

Answer 22

Secretion and absorption
Glands and portions of kidney tubules

Question 23

Stratified cuboidal epithelia (rare)

Answer 23

Relatively rare
Ducts of sweat glands and mammary glands

Question 24

Transitional epithelia

Answer 24

Tolerate repeated cycles of stretching without damage
Appearance changes as stretching occurs
Found in urinary bladder

Question 25

Simple columnar epithelia

Answer 25

Absorption and secretion
Found in stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Question 26

Pseudo-stratified columnar epithelia

Answer 26

Typically have cilia
Found in nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi

Question 27

Stratified columnar epithelia(rare)

Answer 27

Rare
Protect pharynx, anus, and urethra

Question 28

Endocrine glands

Answer 28

Release normones that enter the bloodstream
No ducts

Question 29

Exocrine glands

Answer 29

Produce exocrine secretions
Discharge secretions through ducts onto epithelial surfaces

Question 30

Unicellular glands

Answer 30

Secrete mucin which mixes with water to form mucus
In epithelia of intestines
Goblet cells are unicellular exocrine glands

Question 31

Merocrine secretion

Answer 31

Released by secretory vesicles (exocytosis)
Ex: merocrine sweat glands

Question 32

Apocrine secretion

Answer 32

Released by shedding cytoplasm
Ex: mammary glands

Question 33

Holocrine secretion

Answer 33

Released by cells bursting, killing gland cells
Gland cells replaced by stem cells
Ex: sebaceous glands

Question 34

Components of connective tissue

Answer 34

1. Specialized cells
2. Fluid called ground substance
   2.extracellular protein fibers

Question 35

Matrix

Answer 35

Consists of extracellular components of connective tissue (fibers and ground substances)
Majority of tissue volume
Determines function

Question 36

Functions of connective tissue

Answer 36

Establish a structural framework for the body
Transport fluids and dissolved materials
Protecting delicate organs
Support, surround, and interconnect other tissue types
Store energy reserves, especially triglycerides
Defend the body from invading microorganisms

Question 37

Connective tissue proper

Answer 37

Connect and protect

Question 38

Fluid connective tissue

Answer 38

Transport

Question 39

Supporting connective tissue

Answer 39

Structural strength

Question 40

Loose connective tissue

Answer 40

More ground substance, fewer fibers
Ex: fat (adipose tissue)

Question 41

How does cartilage maintain its function even though its avascular

Answer 41

Nutrients and wastes diffuse through the cartilage matrix