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YEAR 1: MCD - Tissues > Epithelial cells > Flashcards

Epithelial cells Flashcards

1
Q

What happens in the nucleolus?

A

Ribosomal subunits are synthesised

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2
Q

What three types of filament constitute the cytoskeleton?

A

Microtubules
Intermediate Filaments
Microfilaments

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3
Q

What are microtubules made of and what is the diameter of a microtubule?

A

Alpha and beta tubulin

20nm

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4
Q

What are microtubules used for?

A

Movement of organelles through the cell – involves motor proteins Involved in spindle fibre formation

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5
Q

Describe the organisation of microtubules in cells.

A

They originate from a point within the cell called the microtubule organising centre (MTOC)

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6
Q

Microtubules are an important structural component for which cellular features?

A

Cilia and flagellae

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7
Q

Which component of the cytoskeleton distinguished different cell types?

A

Intermediate Filaments – different for different cell types

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8
Q

What are intermediate filaments usually connected to?

A

Desmosomes

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9
Q

Where else are intermediate filaments found than in the cytoplasm?

A

Nuclear lamin – on the internal surface of the nuclear envelope – provides support

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10
Q

What are microfilaments made of?

A

Actin

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11
Q

What do microfilaments associate with?

A

Adhesion belt

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12
Q

What is the monomer of microfilaments?

A

G-actin (globular actin)

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13
Q

Define ‘Extracellular Matrix’.

A

The insoluble material found extracellularly.

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14
Q

What are the four main types of cell-cell junctions (in order of apical to basal)?

A

Tight – Adhesion belt – Desmosomes/Gap Junctions

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15
Q

What is the role of tight junctions?

A

Seals off the paracellular pathways. Allows polarity. Stops proteins that diffuse through membranes.

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16
Q

Describe the structure of the adhesion belt.

A

It consists of a cadherins, which interact with similar molecules on the adjacent cell and clusters to form these junctions. Actin filaments are bound to the adhesion belt.

17
Q

Describe the structure of desmosomes.

A

Also involves cadherins interacting to maintain adhesion. Intermediate filaments are associated with desmosomes.

18
Q

What is the role of Gap junctions?

A

Allows transport of small molecules between cells

YEAR 1: MCD - Tissues (11 decks)

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