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3 Oral Biology > Epithelial biology > Flashcards

Epithelial biology Flashcards

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1
Q

what is epithelium?

A

protective layer of closely packed cells that don’t let things in and out

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2
Q

look at this epithelial cell structure
what do hemidesmosomes do?

A

connect epithelial cells to basal lamina

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3
Q

look at this epithelial cell structure
what do desmosomes do?

A

connect epithelial cells together

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4
Q

what are the classifications of epithelium?

A

one layer: simple or pseudostratified
two or more layers: stratified

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5
Q

what are the classifications of epithelial cells?

A

Flattened: squamous
Cubes: cuboidal
Columns: columnar

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6
Q

what type of epithelium is oral mucosa?

A

is stratified squamous epithelial cells

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7
Q

describe the Formation and maintenance of keratinised layer of epithelium

A

Cells proliferate and move away towards the outer area where they stop proliferating and start differentiating having lots of proteins.

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8
Q

what is cell proliferation?

A

an increase in the number of cells; a result of cell growth and cell division.

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9
Q

what happens in G0 of the cell cycle?

A

rest: cells metabolically active but no signals to divide

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10
Q

what happens in G1 of the cell cycle

A

cellular contents except chromosomes are replicated
restriction point that stops cells going into S phase due to lack of extracellular signals
cyclin-dependant kinases and cyclins interact with each other to allow the cell to go through cell division

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11
Q

what allows the cell to go through cell division in the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

A

cyclin-dependant kinases and cyclins interact with each other

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12
Q

what happens in the S phase of the cell cycle?

A

DNA and chromosomes replicated

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13
Q

what happens in the G2 phase of the cell cycle?

A

cells check that everything has been replicated correctly

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14
Q

what happens during the mitosis phase of the cell cycle?

A

two nuclei and cells split in two - cytokinesis

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15
Q

what controls proliferation?

A

Signals come via receptors in basal layer cells, via extracellular matrix through phosphorylation

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16
Q

what do growth factors do?

A

controls cell growth and differentiation. Localised

17
Q

what do transcription factors do?

A

protein that regulates the activity of RNA polymerase

18
Q

describe the cell proliferator unit

A
  • Progenitor cells are in basal layer
    Dividing cells appear in clusters
19
Q

what are the two types of cell proliferator unit?

A

Slow dividing but always have proliferative potential
Faster dividing but limited number of divisions

20
Q

There are certain cells in the basal layer that have potential to be stem cells. what are stem cells?

A
  • Divide without limit
    When divides each daughter cell has choice as to what it differentiates into
21
Q

what is differentiation?

A

process by which cells or tissues undergo change toward a more specialised form or function
Change in gene expression

22
Q

what is one of the major reasons why a cell stops dividing?

A

removal of alpha 6 beta 4 - laminin as this attaches the hemidesmosome to the basal lamina. So cells move away from the basal lamina and start to differentiate

23
Q

what is the cytoskeleton?

A

system of protein filaments in the cytoplasm that gives the cell shape and movement of organelles in the cell itself

24
Q

what are the most abundant components of the cytoskeleton?

A

actin
intermediate filaments
tubulin

25
Q

what does tubulin do in the cytoskeleton?

A

move organelles and cytokinesis

26
Q

what does actin do in the cytoskeleton?

A

support and enable cells to move, muscle cell contraction

27
Q

what does intermediate filaments do in the cytoskeleton?

A

span the epithelium from one cell-cell junction to another strengthening the entire epithelium

28
Q

describe the structure of an epithelial intermediate filament

A

Rope like structure as one type I and one type II keratin intermediate filament intertwined

29
Q

how is a keratin divided into type I or type I?

A

if its an acid or base
Type I: Keratins 9-20
Type II: Keratins 1-8

30
Q

Type I keratins are found on what chromosome?

A

17q

31
Q

type II keratins are found on what chromosome?

A

12q

32
Q

oral epithelium has two types of keratinisation, what are they?

A

keratinised and non-keratinised

33
Q

in keratinised oral epithelium what keratins are found in the basal layer?

A

K5 and K14

34
Q

in keratinised oral epithelium what keratins are found in the outer layers?

A

k1 and K10

35
Q

in non-keratinised oral epithelium what keratins are found in the basal layer?

A

K5 and K14

36
Q

in non-keratinised oral epithelium what keratins are found in the superficial layer?

A

K4 and K13

37
Q
A

3 Oral Biology (14 decks)

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