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Epithelia > Epithelial > Flashcards

Epithelial Flashcards

1
Q

What are epithelia?

A

Cells that line/cover all the body surfaces, tubes and cavities

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2
Q

What connects epithelial cells together?

A

Tight junctions

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3
Q

What separates the epithelium from the underlying tissues?

A

Basement membrane

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4
Q

What 2 layers form the basement membrane?

A

Basil lamena, connective tissue (collagen and other protein fibres)

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5
Q

Why do epithelia have to undergo rapid division?

A

Cells are continually lost from the surface so new cells are needed to replace them

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6
Q

What are tumours that develop from epithelia called?

A

Carcinomas

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7
Q

Name the 3 types of epithelia

A
  1. Columnar
  2. Cuboidal
  3. Squamous
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8
Q

2 types of classification by no. Of layers of cells-

A
  1. Simple

2. Stratified

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9
Q

What type of epithelia is found where diffusion, absorption or secretion takes place (simple or stratified)

A

Simple

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10
Q

Where is stratified epithelia found?

A

Where there is a need for protection

Eg skin, lining urethra, respiratory tract

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11
Q

Where do u find transitional epithelia?

A

Bladder

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12
Q

Where do u find stratified cuboidal?

A

Reproductive system eg lining urethra

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13
Q

What type of epithelia found in blood vessels and why?

A

Simple squamous- short diffusion pathway for exchange of chemicals

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14
Q

What are the basal cells in stratified epithelia?

A

Cells in contact with basal lamena

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15
Q

Cells in contact with lumen in stratified epithelia

A

Apical

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16
Q

What type of epithelia is found in skin

A

Stratified squamous

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17
Q

Why simple squamous good for exchange?

A

Pores between cells allow easy passage of molecules

18
Q

Why cuboidal/ columnar good for transport through?

A

Tight junctions limit movement between cells so not good for exchange. But these cells have more organelles eg ribosomes and rer to produce transport proteins and mitochondria for atp for at.

19
Q

Cilia vs microvilli

A

Cilia have wave like movements which allow them to move substances along whereas microvilli don’t move, they just increase SA of cell membrane

20
Q

5 functions of epithelia

A

Protective, secretory, ciliated, transport, exchange

21
Q

What does the mesothelium line?

A

Pleura, pericardium and peritoneum. Has a secretory role- secretes a watery fluid that lubricates and prevents walls stickjnv

22
Q

Role of epithelia in small intestine and what type

A

Simple columnar
Increase SA for absorption (microvilli on apical surface and basal invaginations)
Mucus secretion to lubricate gut contents- goblet cells

23
Q

How to increase SA of small intestine

A

Large folds of wall, villi, microvilli

24
Q

What type of cells secrete mucus into linen of small intestine ?

A

Goblet

25
Q

Where do u find pseudo stratified epithelia?

A

Respiratory system eg bronchus

26
Q

Describe pseudo stratified

A

All cells attached to basement membrane but different sizes and shapes so looks stratified (multiple rows of nuclei)

27
Q

What type of epithelia in oesophagus?

A

Stratified squamous

28
Q

Term for cells that are worn off and shed from the surface of epithelia

A

Desquamation

29
Q

Name where u find stratified squamous keratinised epithelium

A

Skin

30
Q

Advantage of keratinised epithelium in skin

A

Prevents water loss- survival in dry environments

31
Q

What does a melanocyte do?

A

Give pigment to skin

32
Q

What is a tight junction?

A

Point of adherence between epithelial cells

33
Q

Name the 2 domains formed when epithelial cells join together by tight junctions

A

Apical membrane, baso-lateral membrane (and then the basal membrane=between and BM)

34
Q

What are hemidesmosomes involved in?

A

Allow string attachment of epithelial cells to basal lamena

35
Q

Function of desmosome

A

Hold cells together

36
Q

What is paraceular movement?

A

Movement across tight junctions

37
Q

Major tight junction proteins

A

Claudins, occludins

38
Q

3 roles of tight junctions

A

Barrier, fence, gate

39
Q

Explain how tight junctions work as barriers

A

They prevent some molecules moving from one compartment to another eg in bladder

40
Q

Explain how tight junctions work as gates

A

They function as selective gates ie only open for some molecules/ ions eg let Na+ and H2O through but don’t let Cl- through

41
Q

Explain how tight junctions function as gates

A

Once 2 domains are formed there can be different transport proteins on each of the 2 surfaces (apical and bask-lateral) is cell can take up a specific nutrient but not secrete it and vice versa

Epithelia (1 decks)

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