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4 Tissues of the Body > Epithelia and Glands > Flashcards

Epithelia and Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Basic tissues of the body

A

epithelia
muscle
connective tissues
nerves

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2
Q

What is epithelia?

A

closely apposed sheets of cells

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3
Q

Structure of epithelia

A 
entirely cellular
cell polarity
specialised contacts between cells
lateral comms between cells
basement membrane separating from underlying tissue
cell replacement, often rapid turnover
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4
Q

Typical location of epithelia

A

on surfaces

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5
Q

Classification of epithelia

A 
no. of cell layers
shape of cells in outermost layer
position of nuclei
transitional
cilliated
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6
Q

Number of cell layers

A

simple

compound or stratified

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7
Q

Shape of cells in outermost layer

A

squamos
cuboidal
columnar

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8
Q

Position of nuclei

A

stratified

pseudostratified

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9
Q

Transitional

A

type of stratified epithelium
multiple layers of epithelial cells which can contract and expand in order to adapt to the degree of distension needed
lines the organs of the urinary system and is known here as urothelium

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10
Q

Functions of epithelia

A

simple: absorption eg. kidney, gut
stratified: protective eg. skin, lining of oesophagus
secretion, sensory perception, movement of materials, wound repair

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11
Q

Specialisations of cell surfaces

A

microvilli
cilia
stereocilia
basal infoldings

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12
Q

Where are glands mainly derived from?

A

epithelia

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13
Q

Functional classification of glands

A

exocrine: secrete via duct onto epithelial surface
endocrine: secrete directly into bloodstream

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14
Q

Exocrine

A

eccrine - involves exocytosis with no loss of cells
holocrine - loss of whole cell during secretion
apocrine - loss of apical surface of cells as membrane bounded vesicles

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15
Q

Exocrine glands morphological classification

simple

A

simple tubular eg. large intestine
simple acinar eg. mucus secreting pockets in penile urethra
simple coiled tubular eg. sweat glands
simple branched tubular eg. in stomach
simple branched acinar eg. sebaceous glands

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16
Q

Exocrine glands morphological classification

compound

A

compound branched tubular eg. Brunner’s glands in duodenum
compound acinar eg. exocrine pancreas
compound tubuloacinar eg. submandibular salivary glands

17
Q

Function of basement membrane and basal lamina

A

boundary between epithelia (BL), muscle and nerve (external lamina) and connective tissue
impenetrable barrier but permits flow of nutrients and metabolites

18
Q

Structure of BM

A

condensed layer of ECM

constituents: heparan sulphate, collagen type IV, fibronectin, laminin, entactin

19
Q

BM importance

A

in spread of cancer
mechanical barrier
also, cancer cells need type IV collagenase and laminin receptors to cross BL

4 Tissues of the Body (3 decks)

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