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epithelia > epithelia > Flashcards

epithelia Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 basic tissue types of organs

A

epithelium
connective tissue
muscle
nervous tissue

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2
Q

what are epithelia composed of

A

closely aggregated, polyhedral epithelial cells with a minimum of intercellular substance

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3
Q

adhesion between epithelial cells is
A. strong
B. weak

A

A. strong

thus cellular sheets are formed which are able to cover exposed external surfaces and line internal cavities

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4
Q

what does the epithelial form

A

the outer protective layer of the skin

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5
Q

epithelia are usually polarized

A

yes

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6
Q

all epithelial cells have a sheet like structure composed of extracellular matrix components called what

A

basal lamina (basement membrane)

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7
Q

epithelial cells are described as non vascular, what does this mean

A

nutrients from capillaries in underlying tissue must diffuse across the basal lamina

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8
Q

epithelial cells tend to bind together in what form

A

sheets

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9
Q

what are some functions of the epithelia

A 
mechanical barrier (skin)
chemical barrier (lining of stomach)
absorption (lining of intestine)
secretion (salivary gland)
containment (lining of urinary bladder)
locomotion (by cilia - oviduct)
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10
Q

the role ofthe epithelium determines its what

A

type and structure

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11
Q

two types of cellular components that are vital to the function of epithelia in the care

A
  • cytoskeleton (maintains cellular integrity)

- intercellular junctions(links cells together into a functional unit)

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12
Q

what are the three main classes of filaments that form the cytoskeleton of cells

A

microfilaments
intermediate filaments
microtubules

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13
Q

what is the diameter of the microfilament

A

5nm

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14
Q

what is the diameter of the intermediate filament

A

10nm

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15
Q

what is the diameter of microtubules

A

25

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16
Q

how do filaments become attached to cell membranes and to each other and what does this form

A

by anchoring and joining proteins to form a dynamic 3 - dimensional internal scaffolding in the cell

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17
Q

the fine strands of what protein make up microfilaments

A

actin

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18
Q

what are the functions of microfilaments

A

anchorage, movement and extension of cell membrane

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19
Q

under which structural feature are actin filaments located

A

cell membrane

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20
Q

in microfilaments, what does globular actin polymerize to form

A

filamentous actin

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21
Q

what do intermediate filaments bind together

A

bind intracellular elements and then binds this to the plasmalemma

22
Q

intermediate filaments are not as dynamic as what

A

microfilaments and microtubules

23
Q

what two subunits are microtubules composed of

A

alpha and beta in an alternating array

24
Q

microtubules can be described as

A

assembled and disassembled

25
Q

what are microtubules important in

A

movements of components in the cell and in cell division (from the spindle apparatus)

26
Q

intercellular junctions are specialised structures which link what

A

individual cells together into a functional unit

27
Q

what are the 3 types of intercellular junctions

A

occluding junctions
anchoring junctions
communicating junctions

28
Q

what’s the role of an occluding junction

A

links cells to form a diffusion barrier

29
Q

what’s the role of an anchoring junction

A

provides mechanical strength

30
Q

what’s the role of a communicating junction

A

allows movement of molecules between cells

31
Q

what effect does an occluding junction have on diffusion

A

it inhibits diffusion

32
Q

occluding junctions appear as a focal region of close apposition between what

A

adjacent cell membranes

33
Q

in occluding junctions, what is another name for a tight junction

A

zonula occludens

34
Q

in an anchoring junction, what is the role of an adherent junction

A

links submembrane actin bundles of adjacent cells

35
Q

what is another name for adherent junctions

A

zonula adherens

36
Q

what transmembrane molecule bind to eachother in the extracellular space, and, through link molecules, to actin of the cytoskeleton

A

cadherin

37
Q

what do desmosomes link and what is the name of the function

A

links submembrane intermediate filaments of adjacent cells

called macula adherens

38
Q

what role do desmosomes provide in the skin

A

provide mechanical stability

39
Q

what do communicatice junctions allow

A

selective diffusion of small molecules and ions between adjacent cells

40
Q

where are communicative junctions found

A

epithelia
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle

41
Q

what is a junctional complex

A

close association of several types of junctions found in certain epithelial tissues

42
Q

covering epithelia are based on what

A

cell shape
the number of layers of cells
cell surface, tissue surface, specializations
presence of any specialized cell types

43
Q 
if a cell were to be described as
 A. squamous
B. cuboidal
C. columnar,
 what would this be describing
A

A. flattened, like a fish scale
B. cube shaped
C. like a column, tall and thin

44
Q 
if a cell were to be described as 
A. simple
B. stratified
C. pseudostratified,
what would this be describing
A

A. one layer
B. two or more layers
C. tissue appears to have multiple layers, but in fact all cells are in contact with the basal lamina

45
Q

what are some specializations of cell surface or tissue surface

A
  • prominent microvilli
  • cilia
  • kertinized (presence of layers of keratin proteins on the tissue surface)
46
Q

what are goblet cells

A

single cell mucous glands

47
Q

what is the role of microvili in epithelia

A

serves to increase the surface area of the cell membrane

48
Q

what are the length of microvili

A

0.5-1um

49
Q

how long are motile cells

A

10um long

50
Q

what is the purpose of motile cells

A

serve to propel mucous or fluid over the cell surface

51
Q

what structures can be seen within cilia

A

core of microtubules

52
Q

what are keratins

A

groups of tough structural proteins

epithelia (1 decks)

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