epistemology

Question 1

what is acquaintance knowledge?

Answer 1

knowing of eg. I know France

Question 2

what is ability knowledge?

Answer 2

knowing how eg. I know how to ride a bike

Question 3

what is propositional knowledge?

Answer 3

knowing that eg. knowing that 2+2=4

Question 4

what is the tripartite definition of knowledge?

Answer 4

knowledge is justified true belief it is called tripartite view because of these three parts.

Question 5

what is JTB definition of knowledge?

Answer 5

s has knowledge iff:
p is true
s believes p
s is justified in believing that p

Question 6

is belief necessary for knowledge?

Answer 6

some feel its not necessary as you can know something without believing it.
OBJECTION—- plato —knowledge can’t change but the solution is that I know how the world is now

Question 7

is truth necessary fro knowledge?

Answer 7

millions of people used to believe things but didn’t know them as they aren’t true.it could be
1. knowledge doest require truth
2. knowledge requires truth
3. it was true for them
truth is necessary for knowledge no such thing as false knowledge

Question 8

is justification necessary fro knowledge?

Answer 8

how do we know what is adequate justification?justification is necessary although don’t know what good justification consists of.

Question 9

what is getters job interview objection to JTB?

Answer 9

=smith and jones go to a job interview. jones looks sure to get the jobbed has 10 coins in his pocket
=smith from the JTB ‘ the man who will get the job has 10 coins in his pocket.
= then surprisingly smith gets the job.
=when smith looks he also has 10 coins in his pocket.
=smith has filled all 3 conditions of tripartite knowledge bu we would be reluctant to say its knowledge as its just luck so JTB is insufficient for knowledge.

Question 10

what is getters brown in Barcelona objection to JTB?

Answer 10

= smith is certain that jones owns a ford he has seen him driving one.
=he forms three beliefs
1. either jones owns a ford or brown is in Boston
2.either jones owns a ford or brown is in Barcelona
3. either jones owns a ford or brown is in Belfast
=he is justified in all 3 due to the ford but jones doesn’t own a ford
= by chance brown is in Barcelona JTB is fulfilled but by luck.reluctant to say this is knowledge.

Question 11

what is the fake barn objection to JTB by Goldman ?

Answer 11

= Henry is driving through barn county he sees a barn and forms the JTB ‘there is a barn in that field’
=he is indeed looking at a barn but he is unaware that most barns there are facades he was lucky that he viewed the only real barn.
= it was just luck that he formed his belief when looking at the real barn.

Question 12

what are the responses to Gettier arguments?

Answer 12

- to strengthen the justification condition of knowledge or to replace it with something else
=infallibilism
=no false lemmas
=reliablism 
=epistemic virtue

Question 13

what is the infallibilist response to strengthen the definition of knowledge?

Answer 13

infallibility argues that knowledge is certain to combine this with knowledge we could say that justification requires certainty.
defines knowledge as
- s has knowledge iff
=p is infallible
= s believes p

Question 14

what are a strength and weakness of the infallibility response to the definition of knowledge?

Answer 14

s= rules out gettier cases there was room fro doubt in his beliefs
w= it entails that we have very little knowledge

Question 15

what is the no false lemmas response to strengthen the definition of knowledge?

Answer 15

• add an extra condition of ‘no false lemmas’ condition to the conditions for knowledge
  defines knowledge as
  -s has knowledge iff
  =p is true
  =s believes that p
  =s is justified in believing that p
  =s’s reasoning was not based on any false lemmas

Question 16

what is a strength and weakness of the no false lemmas response to the definition of knowledge?

Answer 16

s= would solve both gettier problems as both were based on false lemmas
w=doesn’t solve fake barn problem

Question 17

what is the reliabilist response to strengthen the definition of knowledge?

Answer 17

states that justification is only good is it is acquired through reliable process such as ;
-senses
-reliable sources
-memory
-inference
defines knowledge as
-s has knowledge iff
=p is true 
=s believes p
=s's beliefs that p are produced by a reliable process

Question 18

what is a strength and a weakness of the reliability response to the definition of knowledge?

Answer 18

s=reliable methods seem sensible in order to exclude poor evidence as justification
w=reliability is highly subjective and therefore debatable it also doesn’t solve gettier cases particularly well

Question 19

what is the virtue epistemology response to strengthen the definition of knowledge?

Answer 19

focuses on strengthening the justification condition by putting someone with epistemic virtue into the situation.
defines knowledge as
- s has knowledge iff
= p is true
= s believes that p and
= s possesses epistemic virtue.

Question 20

what is a strength and weakness of the epistemic virtue response to the definition of knowledge?

Answer 20

s=focus of strengths of the knower seems useful

w=how can you tell if someone has epistemic virtue this is a circular definition so is no use.