Epistemology Flashcards
Empircism
Knowledge is gained through the senses
Rationalism
Knowledge is gained through logic
A priori
knowledge is gained through observation
A posteriori
Knowledge is gained through experience
what does S stand for
Subject
what does P stand for
Proposition
what is the JTB theory
s knows that p, only if
s believes that p
p is true
s is justified into believing that p
Deduction
Inference of particular instances are predetermined by reference to a general law/principle
Fatalism
All events are predetermined & therefore inevitable
Hedonism
Pleasure is the highest good & aim to life
Intuition
A thing that one knows from instinctive feeling
Law of nature
A regularly occurring phenomenon observable in human society
Occam’s Razor
the simplest explanation is preferable to one that is more complex
Probability theory
The extent to which an event is likely to occur
Dogmatic
expressing a belief/opinion as a fact
Hume’s view on epistemology
• knowledge comes from experience
• cause ≠ effect , don’t take causation for granted
Kant’s view on epistemology
Synthesised rationalism & empiricism
Locke’s view on epistemology
• Knowledge comes from experience
• outer experience (5 traditional senses)
• vs inner experience (more complex, often subjective)
Plato’s view on epistemology
JTB
Descartes’ view on epistemology
Knowledge of math, innate ideas, God can only be attained by reason
Innate knowledge
• human mind is born with ideas/knowledge
Observational knowledge
Knowledge can only be observed a posteriori, empiricism
Knowing purely by thinking
Reflecting rather than observing, so rationalism
Knowing by thinking + observing
Observation & reason combined
