Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Disease 2 > Episclera and Sclera > Flashcards

Episclera and Sclera Flashcards

1
Q

The Sclera is divided in

A

episclera
scleral stroma
lamina fusca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The sclera develops from

A

neural crest and mesoderm
until 5th month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

primary component of the sclera

A

Type I collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the site of attachment of the ciliary musculature

A

Scleral spur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

site of attachment of EOM

A

Sclera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Two episcleral Plexus

A
  1. Superficial- located in episclera
  2. Deep Plexus- Located above the scleral stroma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Episcleritis

A

superficial episcleral plexus congested.
Bening inflammation of the vascular connective tissue sheet between sclera and conjuntiva

  • more common idiopathic 60-70%
    -young adults
    -acute
    -unilateral or bilateral
    -more in women 3:1
  • no pain with eye movement
    -Inflammation, fluid can be seen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Scleritis

A

superficial and deep episcleral plexus congested
-severe moderate pain
-pain with eye movement
Inflammation, not fluid seen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Episclera

A

loose, Vascularized Connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

1/3 of episcleritis have

A

underlying Systemic disorders, the rest is related to trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Systemic non-infectious causes of episcleritis

A
  1. Connective tissue disease
    - RA is the #1
    -SLE
    -IBD
  2. Vasculitic disease
    -polyarteritis Nodosa
    -Behcet;s disease
    -Giant cell arteritis
    -Cogans syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Blood supply to the sclera

A

choroid to sclera
- short post ciliary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

systemic infectious causes of episcleritis

A

-bacteria gram + and -
-TB
-syphilis
-Toxoplasmosis
-HZV , HSV
-Acanthamoeba
-Chlamydia
-pseudomonas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Other causes of Episcleritis

A

-Rosacea
-Atopy
-Thyroid
-Sarcoid
-Burns/ injuries
-Gout
-Medications: Topiramate and Pamidronate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Episcleritis Symptoms

A
  • Acute onset of redness
    -mild pain
    -one or both eyes
    -one or both eyes
    -Hx recurrent episodes is common
    -No discharge
    -tearing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

diffuse episcleritis

A

-80%
-diffuse redness and edema flat
-engorgement of episcleral vessels, large vessels that run in radial direction

17
Q

Nodular

A

-20%
-forms a “nodule” (mild elevation of the conjuntiva) composed of localized inflammatory cells and exudates
-Sign: nodule moves

18
Q

Episcleritis signs

A

-Mild red flush to intense red
-no edema in sclera
-if nodular, nodules moves
-conjvessels move and underlying red episcleral are immovable

19
Q

Episcleritis work-up

A
  • phenylephrine test: 10-15 min later will blanch superficial layer
    -nodule mobility test in nodular episcleritis ( move with cotton tip- it will move)
20
Q

scleral edema is present in

A

scleritis during SLE beam test but absent in episcleritis

21
Q

Differential diagnosis of episcleritis

A

-Scleritis: severe pain
-conjuntivitis (viral, bacterial, allergic): discharge follicles or papilla
-phlyctenular Keratoconjuntivitis: plyctena near cornea
- anterior uveitis: cells and flares

22
Q

Treatment for mild Episcleritis

A
  • self limiting, artificial tears, cold soaks
    -Fluorometholone 0.1% (steroids) qid
    -may resolve spontaneously 7-10 days
    -F/U. 7 days
23
Q

treatment for moderate to severe episcleritis

A

Mild steroids qid until improvement and taper
-Fluoromethalone 0.1%
-Loteprednol 0.5%

If not relief:
Oral NSAID
-ibuprofen 200-600mg tid or quid
- Naproxen 250-500mg bid
-Flurbiprofen 100mg tid

F/U 3-5 days

24
Q

Scleritis

A

severe intense inflammatory condition with edema and cell infiltration to sclera

25
Q

in scleritis what can inflammation do

A

destroy collagen and thus its structure

26
Q

scleritis population

A

-4-6 decade > females (30-59 y/o)

  • 50-57% of cases have an identifiable underlying cause (higher in case of necrotizing)
    -systemic auto-immune inflammatory disease-> RA, Wegner’s granulomatosis, SLE, Polyartreritis nodosas, IBD

Disease 2 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions