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Skills IV > Epilepsy & Seizures, Sleep Agents > Flashcards

Epilepsy & Seizures, Sleep Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Doxylamine

A

Unisom

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2
Q

Unisom

A

Doxylamine

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3
Q

Doxylamine (Unisom) Class

A

H1 Antagonist

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4
Q

Doxylamine (Unisom) MOA

A

Doxylamine competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites. One of its adverse effects, sedation, is the basis for its use as a hypnotic.

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5
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Tegretol

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6
Q

Tegretol

A

Carbamazepine

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7
Q

Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Class

A

anticonvulsant

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8
Q

Carbamazepine (Tegretol) MOA

A

Carbamazepine acts presynaptically to block firing of action potentials, which decreases the release of excitatory neurotransmitters, and postsynaptically by blocking high-frequency repetitive discharge initiated at cell bodies.

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9
Q

Diavalproex

A

Depakote

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10
Q

Depakote

A

Divalproex

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11
Q

Divalproex (Depakote) Class

A

Anticonvulsant

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12
Q

Divalproex (Depakote) MOA

A

Divalproex is composed of sodium valproate and valproic acid. Valproic acid is a carboxylic acid compound whose anticonvulsant activity might be mediated by an inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA. Valproic acid might increase GABA levels by inhibiting GABA metabolism or enhancing postsynaptic GABA activity. Valproic acid also limits repetitive neuronal firing through voltage- and usage-dependent sodium channels.

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13
Q

Eszopiclone

A

Lunesta

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14
Q

Lunesta

A

Eszopiclone

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15
Q

Eszopiclone (Lunesta) Class

A

Nonbarbiturate Hypnotic. C-IV

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16
Q

Eszopiclone (Lunesta) MOA

A

The exact mechanism of action of eszopiclone, a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic, is unknown. It is believed that eszopiclone binds to or interacts allosterically at the GABA-receptor complex domain.

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17
Q

Lacosamide

A

Vimpat

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18
Q

Vimpat

A

Lacosamide

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19
Q

Lacosamide (Vimpat) Class

A

Anticonvulsant, Miscellaneous. C-V

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20
Q

Lacosamide (Vimpat) MOA

A

Lacosamide stabilizes hyperexcitable neuronal membranes and inhibits neuronal firing.

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21
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Lamictal

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22
Q

Lamictal

A

Lamotrigine

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23
Q

Lamotrigine (Lamictal) Class

A

Phenyltriazine Anticonvulsant

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24
Q

Lamotrigine (Lamictal) MOA

A

Lamotrigine is a phenyltriazine derivative unrelated to other marketed antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Lamotrigine inhibits voltage-dependent sodium channels, thereby stabilizing neuronal membranes and reducing the release of excitatory neurotransmitters such as glutamate and aspartate.

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25
Q

Levetiracetam

A

Keppra

26
Q

Keppra

A

Levetiracetam

27
Q

Levetiracetam (Keppra) Class

A

Anticonvulsant

28
Q

Levetiracetam (Keppra) MOA

A

Levetiracetam is a pyrrolidine derivative that is structurally unrelated to other AEDs. Its mechanism of action is unclear and does not relate to any known mechanisms of neuronal excitation or inhibition. The action of levetiracetam in animal models of seizures and epilepsy is unique from other AEDs.

29
Q

Oxcarbazepine

A

Trileptal

30
Q

Trileptal

A

Oxcarbazepine

31
Q

Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) Class

A

Dibenzazepine Carboxamide, Anticonvulsant

32
Q

Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) MOA

A

Oxcarbazepine is a 10-keto analogue of carbamazepine that exerts its anticonvulsant effect through an active 10-monohydroxy metabolite (MHD). Its mechanism of action is not known but likely involves blockade of voltage-dependent sodium channels and inhibition of repetitive neuronal firing.

33
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Luminal

34
Q

Luminal

A

Phenobarbital

35
Q

Phenobarbital (Luminal) Class

A

Long-Acting Barbiturate. C-IV

36
Q

Phenobarbital (Luminal) Moa

A

Phenobarbital produces different degrees of depression within the CNS, from sedation to general anesthesia. It has been demonstrated to depress monosynaptic responses in the CNS only transiently, but synaptic recovery is delayed and a decrease in postsynaptic resistance is observed at some synapses.

37
Q

Phenytoin

A

Dilantin

38
Q

Dilantin

A

Phenytoin

39
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin) Class

A

Hydantoin Anticonvulsant

40
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin) MOA

A

Phenytoin is a hydantoin that suppresses the spread of seizure activity mainly by inhibiting synaptic posttetanic potentiation and blocking the propagation of electric discharge. Phenytoin might decrease sodium transport and block calcium channels at the cellular level to produce these actions.

41
Q

Topiramate

A

Topamax

42
Q

Topamax

A

Topiramate

43
Q

Topiramate (Topamax) Class

A

Anticonvulsant

44
Q

Topiramate (Topamax) MOA

A

The exact mechanisms by which topiramate exerts its anticonvulsant and migraine prophylaxis effects are unknown. Electrophysiologic and biochemical evidence suggests that topiramate blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels, augments the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyrate at some subtypes of the GABA-A receptor, antagonizes the AMPA/kainate subtype of the glutamate receptor, and inhibits the carbonic anhydrase enzyme, particularly isozymes II and IV.

45
Q

Zolpidem

A

Ambien

46
Q

Ambien

A

Zolpidem

47
Q

Zolpidem (Ambein) Class

A

Nonbarbiturate Hypnotic. C-IV

48
Q

Zolpidem (Ambein) MOA

A

Zolpidem binds the benzodiazepine receptor but is structurally different from a benzodiazepine. Sedative and hypnotic effects are due to increased chloride conductance, neuronal hyperpolarization, inhibition of action potential, and decrease in neuronal excitability.

49
Q

Valproic acid

A

Depakene

50
Q

Depakene

A

Valproic acid

51
Q

Valproic acid (Depakene) Class

A

anticonvulsant

52
Q

Valproic acid (Depakene) MOA

A

Causes increased availability of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, to brain neurons or may enhance the action of GABA or mimic its action at postsynaptic receptor sites. Also blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels, which results in suppression of high-frequency repetitive neuronal firing

53
Q

Fosphenytoin

A

Cerebyx

54
Q

Cerebyx

A

Fosphenytoin

55
Q

Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx) Class

A

anticonvulsant

56
Q

Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx) MOA

A

Diphosphate ester salt of phenytoin that acts as a water-soluble prodrug of phenytoin; after administration, plasma esterases convert fosphenytoin to phosphate, formaldehyde (not expected to be clinically consequential [Fierro 1996]), and phenytoin as the active moiety. Phenytoin works by stabilizing neuronal membranes and decreasing seizure activity by increasing efflux or decreasing influx of sodium ions across cell membranes in the motor cortex during generation of nerve impulses

57
Q

ethosuximide

A

zarontin

58
Q

zarontin

A

ethosuximide

59
Q

Ethosuximide (Zarontin) Class

A

anticonvulsant

60
Q

Ethosuximide (Zarontin) MOA

A

Increases the seizure threshold and suppresses paroxysmal spike-and-wave pattern in absence seizures; depresses nerve transmission in the motor cortex

Skills IV (1 decks)

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