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Pharmacology > Epilepsy pharmacology > Flashcards

Epilepsy pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the MOA for lamotrigine?

A

blocks Na+ VG channels preventing Na+ influx

prevents depolarisation of glutaminergic neurones, reducing glutamate excitotoxicity

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2
Q

what is the drug target for lamotrigine?

A

Voltage gated Na+ channels

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3
Q

What are the common side effects of lamotrigine?

A

rash, drowsiness

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4
Q

what are the less common side effects of lamotrigine?

A

steven-johnson’s syndrome

suicidal thoughts

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5
Q

what is the MOA for sodium valproaTe?

A

inhibition of GABA Transaminase

prevents GABA breakdown presynaptically (indirectly prolongs GABA in synapse)

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6
Q

what is the target for sodium valproaTe?

A

GABA Transaminase

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7
Q

what are the common side effects of sodium valproate?

A

stomach pain/diarrhoea
drowsiness
weight gain
hair loss

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8
Q

what are the serious side effects of sodium valproate?

A

hepatotoxicity
teratogenicity
pancreatitis

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9
Q

what population is sodium valproate contraindicated for and why?

A

women of child bearing age

neural tube defects in foetuses, decreased IQ, autism risks after in utero exposure

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10
Q

what is the MOA for diazepam?

A

increases Cl- ion influx in response to GABA binding at the GABA A receptor
increased Cl- influx associated with hyperpolarisation of excitatory neurons

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11
Q

what is the target for diazepam?

A

Benzodiazepine site on GABA A receptor

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12
Q

what are the common side effects of diazepam?

A

drowsiness, respiratory depression (at high doses)

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13
Q

what are the uncommon side effects of diazepam?

A

haemolytic anaemia

jaundice

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14
Q

what is diazepam used for in epilepsy?

A

short term treatment (tolerance develops long term)

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15
Q

what is the MOA of levetiracetam?

A

inhibition of synaptic vesicle protein SV2A

inhibits vesicle exocytosis so reduces glutamate secretion into synapse and therefore reduces excitotoxicity

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16
Q

what is the target for leVetiracetam?

A

synaptic vesicle protein SV2A

17
Q

what are the common side effects of levetiracetam?

A

dizziness
drowziness
fatigue
headache

18
Q

what makes levetiracetam favourable for drug drug interactions?

A

it has no effect in cytochrome P450 enzyme system

19
Q

what are all the types of seizure?

A 
abscence seizures
focal seizures
generalised tonic-clonic seizures
myoclonic seizures
tonic/atonic seizures
20
Q

what is the first line treatment for an epileptic seizure in hospital?

A

a benzodiazepine- IV lorazepam

may knock out patient

21
Q

what is the first line treatment for an epileptic seizure in the community/GP

A

benzodiazepine- buccal midazolam

22
Q

management of focal seizures

A

carbamazepine

23
Q

management of absence seizures

A

ethosuximide

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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