Epilepsy Flashcards
The new definition of epilepsy includes the following points:
a) At least 2 unprovoked seizures occurring greater than 24 hours apart
b) One unprovoked (reflex) seizure
c) Probability of a high recurrence risk in the next 10 years
d) All of the above
D
In 1997, about 700 children in Japan were brought to hospital due to seizures after watching cartoons (Pokemon) with prolonged blinking lights. What do you call this phenomenon?
a) Photosensitive epilepsy
b) Photoparoxysmal response
c) Ictal laughter
d) Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures
A
A 21 year old female complained of feeling dizzy, followed by smelling unusual scent of sampaguita, then losing consciousness, and had GTCSz. The patient has
a) Focal seizures evolving to bilateral convulsive seizures
b) Generalized seizures
c) Absence seizures
d) Olfactory hallucination
A
What is an epileptic aura characterized by a sense of familiarity to a particular event, person, circumstance, or feeling?
a) GTC seizures
b) Déjà vu
c) Jamais vu
d) Deja entendu
B
What is the most common cause of epilepsy in adults?
a) inborn error of metabolism
b) stroke
c) tumor
d) infection
B
What is the most common cause of epilepsy in the newborn?
a) inborn error of metabolism
b) hypoxia
c) tumor
d) infection
B
What is the neuro-imaging modality of choice for epilepsy?
a) CT scan
b) 3 Tesla MRI
c) PET Scan
d) EEG
B
What is an EEG finding seen in absence seizures?
a) triphasic waves
b) extreme delta brush sign
c) 3Hz generalized spike and wave activity
d) excessive beta activity
C
What is a surgically remediable form of epilepsy?
a) Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
b) juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
c) mesial temporal lobe epilepsy/hippocampal sclerosis
d) West syndrome
C
The diagnosis of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures can be qualified based on history, physical examination and
a) routine EEG
b) serum prolactin levels
c) video EEG recording
d) high resolution PET-CT of the head
C
What is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?
a) Glycine
b) Glutamate
c) Acetylcholine
d) Dopamine
B
What is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?
a) Aspartate
b) GABA
c) Acetylcholine
d) Serotonin
B
Glutamate is received by 3 post-synaptic receptors. What is an example of a glutamate receptor?
a) Voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC)
b) NMDA receptor
c) Muscarinic
d) Nicotinic
B
Which receptor antagonist affects memory, learning, and retrieval?
a) NMDA
b) AMPA
c) GABA
d) None of the above
A
Which AED has a Class A recommendation for adults with partial onset seizures?
a) Valproic acid
b) Carbamazepine
c) Oxcarbazepine
d) Lacosamide
B
What is the mechanism of action of Levetiracetam?
a) Modifies fast sodium channels
b) Reduces glutamate at the synaptic level
c) Modifies SV2A protein
d) None of the above
C
Levetiracetam and ethosuximide are associated with episodes of agitation upon resolution of EEG changes and decrease in seizure frequency. What is this phenomenon?
a) Forced normalization
b) Psychosis
c) Idiosyncratic reaction
d) Non epileptic seizures
A
What AED is associated with metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovarian syndrome?
a) Phenytoin
b) Phenobarbital
c) Oxcarbazepine
d) Valproic Acid
D
Weight loss is associated with which AEDs?
a) Topiramate
b) Valproic Acid
c) Levetiracetam
d) Zonisamide
e) A and D
E
Metabolic effects on cholesterol and insulin levels may be caused by which AED?
a) Zonisamide
b) Valproic Acid
c) Perampanel
d) Phenobarbital
B
