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Clinphar II Lec - J > Epilepsy > Flashcards

Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

a sudden disorganized electrical discharge in one or more parts of the brain

A

seizure

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2
Q

seizure interrupts ___________________________

A

normal brain signals

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3
Q

seizure disrupts the normal ________________________________

A

balance of inhibitory and excitatory input

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4
Q

a chronic neurological disorder

A

epilepsy

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5
Q

occurs when multiple neurons misfire simultaneously

A

seizure

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6
Q

epilepsy is characterized by ___________________________

A

recurrent seizures

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7
Q

epilepsy is a CNS disorder wherein nerve cell activity in the brain becomes disrupted causing what (3)

A
  1. seizures
  2. periods of unusual behavior, sensations
  3. sometimes loss of consciousness
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8
Q

epilepsy causes:

A
  1. muscle twitches/spasms
  2. changes in moods or thoughts
  3. altered or loss of consciousness
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9
Q

epilepsy is defined by the occurrence of at least _______________________ with or without convulsions, separated by at least ______________

A

2 unprovoked seizures ; 24 hours

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10
Q

T/F: epilepsy affects all ages

A

T

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11
Q

T/F: epilepsy is contagious

A

F

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12
Q

Anything that disrupts the normal homeostasis or stability of neurons can trigger ________________________________

A

hyperexcitability and seizures

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13
Q

2 types of impulse transmission

A

excitatory and inhibitory

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14
Q

inhibitory neurotransmitter is also called

A

calming neurotransmitter

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15
Q

principal inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

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16
Q

principal excitatory neurotransmitter

A

glutamate

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17
Q

occurs due to inward current of Na and Ca ions and neurotransmitters such as glutamate and aspartate

A

hyperexcitation

18
Q

causes or triggers of epilepsy (HI FLAMES)

A
  1. high fever (febrile seizure)
  2. infections (meningitis & encephalitis, COVID)
  3. flashing lights
  4. lack of sleep
  5. acquired brain injuries (head trauma)
  6. medications (diuretics, analgesics, antidepressants)
  7. electrolyte imbalance, hypoglycemia
  8. sudden substance withdrawal (alcohol, smoking, drug)
19
Q

located at the back of the head

A

occipital lobe

20
Q

for visual information

A

occipital lobe

21
Q

symptoms include visual disturbances, temporary blindness, headache, & difficulty with spatial ORIENTATION

A

occipital lobe

22
Q

located behind frontal lobes

A

parietal lobe

23
Q

for processing sensory info

A

parietal lobe

24
Q

symptoms: tingling or numbness, difficulty understanding spatial RELATIONSHIPS or distances, dizziness, vertigo, difficulty reading and writing, altered pain sensations

A

parietal lobe

25
Q

located behind forehead

A

frontal lobe

26
Q

for movement, planning, decision-making, emotion regulation

A

frontal lobe

27
Q

symptoms: jerking movements, difficulty speaking or slurred speech, abnormal sensations, out-of-body experience, impaired awareness, confusion, changes in mood or behavior

A

frontal lobe

28
Q

at either side of head, behind the temples

A

temporal lobe

29
Q

for memory, learning, emotions, and auditory information

A

temporal lobe

30
Q

symptoms: auras, altered awareness or confusion, automatisms, auditory hallucinations, difficulty speaking or understanding speech

A

temporal lobe

31
Q

damage to this lobe does no affect the consciousness

A

temporal lobe

32
Q

T/F: when temporal lobe is damaged, px may not be conscious during seizure episode

A

F - px may stay partially conscious

33
Q

repetitive movement (e.g., lip smacking, chewing, or fidgeting)

A

automatisms

34
Q

who are at increased risk for seizures and epilepsy (MCHS)

A

px with
1. mental retardation
2. cerebral palsy
3. head injury
4. stroke

35
Q

focal neuronal injury is associated in the onset of seizures in ___________

A

elderly

36
Q

focal neuronal injury can be induced by

A

stroke, neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer’s disease)

37
Q

classification of seizures according to the international league against epilepsy (ILAE)

A
  1. onset or beginning
  2. level of awareness
  3. motor symptoms
38
Q

3 major groups of seizures according to ILAE

A
  1. generalized onset
  2. focal onset
  3. unknown onset
39
Q

types of generalized seizures

A
  1. tonic-clonic (grand mal)
  2. absence (petite mal)
  3. atonic epilepsy
40
Q

most dramatic type of generalized seizure

A

tonic-clonic

Clinphar II Lec - J (1 decks)

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