Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ATI 1 > Epilepsy > Flashcards

Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pathophysiology of epilepsy in terms of ESPS AND ISPS and in general

A
  1. Low GABA high glutamate
    2.Release of glutamate enacting on receptors to change the membrane from -70 to -40
  2. Na channels open increasing action potential
  3. GABA receptors become dysfunctional and do not react to GABA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name some risk factors of epilepsy

A

Genetic
Trauma
stroke
Alcohol abuse
Photosensitivity
MOST CAUSES ARE UNKNOWN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is used to diagnose epilepsy

A

EEG scans
Measurement off voltage fluctuations between and during seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the different types of epilepsy

A

GENERALISED
Tonic clonic
Tonic
Atonic
Absence
Myoclonic

FOCAL SEIZURES
simple
Complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where do focal seizures take place

A

Temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe a tonic clonic seizure

A

Biting, bladder control
Breathing, saliva
Jerks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe a tonic seizure

A

Stiff and falls to the ground backwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe atonic seizures

A

Flopping forwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe absent seizures

A

Pause and stare into space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe myoclonic seizures

A

Jerky movements and loss of consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe a simple seizure

A

Consciousness is retained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe a complex seizure

A

Loss of consciousness spreads to brain stem reticular formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is status epilepticus

A

State of constant excitation without recovery which can cause death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What treatments in general are used for epilepsy

A

AEDs
Surgery if lesion is identified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name three mechanisms of action for AEDs

A
  1. Use of dependant blockade of depolarising NA+ channels
  2. Inhibiting T type calcium channels
  3. Enhancing inhibitory action of GABA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does use dependant blockade work

A

When the channels are inactive the drug binds to them keeping them inactive so it becomes more potent

17
Q

How does inhibiting t type calcium channels work

A

Selectively block the t type low voltage activated ca2+ channel. Inhibits 3/5 spike wave burst firing

18
Q

Name the three types of ways to enhance GABAs inhibitory action

A

Inhibition of GABA reuptake
Inhibition of GABA metabolism
Inhibition of calcium reuptake

19
Q

What AEDs need TDM and why

A

Carbamazepine and phenytoin because they have 0 order metabolism kinetics , a narrow therapeutic range, and a highly plasma protein bound to albumin

20
Q

What monitoring is needed

A

Bloods

21
Q

What is the first line for use dependant blockade depolarising sodium channel drugs

A

Valproate
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine

Add ins
Lamotrageine
Topirimate
Oxycarbamazepine

22
Q

What is the first line for inhibiting t type calcium channels

A

Ethosuximide
Valproate
Clonazapam
Lamotrageine - mono therapy

23
Q

What is used for the enhancement effect of GABA

A

Benzodiazepines
Diazepam
Lorazepam
Cloneazapam
Midazalam

24
Q

What types of drugs are used in status epilepticus

A

Benzodiazepines

25
Q

What drugs are used for GABA to have that prolonged effect

A

Tiagabin
Vigabatrin
Gabapentein

26
Q

What drugs are not used in atonic, myoclonic, and absent seizures

A

Tiagaloin
Vigabatrin

27
Q

What are the interactions, side effects and problems with BZDPs

A

Alcohol
Tolerance
Withdrawal
SE- Sedation, memory loss, ataxia

28
Q

What are the interactions, side effects and problems with phenytoin

A

Increases metabolism if other drugs - inducer of CYP3A4 e.g warfarin
Can replace valproate and saylicites
SE headache nausea ataxia rashes

29
Q

What are the interactions, side effects and problems with Lamotrageine

A

Pills that contain oeatragenmin
Lowers folic acid
Valproate
Enzyme induces increase metabolism of Lamotrageine

30
Q

What drugs make absence seizures worse

A

Phenytoin and carbamazepine

31
Q

How does GABA drugs work

A

Binding to a different site of GABA receptors enhancing the action of GABA

ATI 1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions