Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

10 - Neuro Clinicals > Epilepsy > Flashcards

Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

T or F , 70 % of patients can be seizure free with treatment

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epilepsy definition

A

Neurological condition with Tendency to recurrent spontaneous seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What causes seizures

A

Brief disturbances in the electrical function of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Possible causes of seizure

A

Infections
Stroke
Head injuries
Genetic
Brian tumor
Brain damage
Unknown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mortality rate of epileptic compared to normal population

A

Twice more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Main causes leading to more death in epileptic population

A

Status epilepticus
Burns
Drowning
Injury
SUDEP
Chest infection
Aspiration
Suicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Morbidities present in epilepsy

A

Injury
Drugs side effects
Aspiration
Cognitive decline
Depression
Psychosis
Employment discriminions
Driving impaired
Embarrassment
Social prejudice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

2 groups of seizures

A

Local
Generalized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the treatment gap in epilepsy

A

Number of people who have epilepsy and do not receive treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment gap in Ghana

A

50-60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reasons for treatment gap

A

Poverty
Lack of medications
Social stigma
No prioritization for treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How should you take history in epilepsy

A

Need a third person to give history - events, surroundings, details of seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Questions to ask in epilepsy history

A

First time occurrence >
Age of onset - adulthood ? Childhood ?
Warning signs ( aura ? Tastes, odors, visual, auditory , repetitive movement )
Frequency
Time of seizures
Step by step explanation
Progression of seizure
Loss of consciousness
Triggers
Medications
PMH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Birth history

A

Pregnancy - alcohol , smoking, herbal
Antenatal care
Delivery issue - fall, vacuum, obstructed labour , TBA
Sucking, cry, jaundice., meningitis
Milestones
Cerebral palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pathophysiology of seizures

A

Imbalance between inhibitory ( GABA ) and excitatory ( glutamate and aspartate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Classification of seizures

A

Generalized
Focal
Unknown

17
Q

Types of generalized seizures

A

Tonic clonic
Absence
Myoclonic absence
Eyelid myoclonia
Myoclonic
Clonic
Tonic
Atonic

18
Q

Types of absence generalized seizures

A

Typical
Atypical
Absence with special features

19
Q

Types of Myoclonic generalized seizures

A

Myoclonic
Myoclonic atonic
Myoclonic tonic

20
Q

Types of focal seizures

A

No impairment of consciousness or awareness ( simple partial ) - focal motor or sensory

Impairment of consciousness or awareness ( complex partial )

Bilateral , convulsive seizure (secondarily geenralized seizure) - tonic, clonic, tonic clonic

21
Q

Types of unknown seizures

A

Epileptic spasms

22
Q

Some causes of focal epilepsy ( anything hat can disturb cortical architecture and function )

A

Focal infection
Tumour
Hamartoma
Trauma related scarring

23
Q

Percentage of generalized epilepsy form. All seizures

A

30%

24
Q

Trigger factors for seizures on

A

Sleep deprivation
Missed doses of anti epileptic drugs
Alcohol
Recreational drug misuse
Physical or mental exhaustion
Flickering lights
Intercurrent infections
Metabolic disturbances
Uncommon - Loud noises, music , reading , hot baths

25
Q

History taking

A

Attack type
Age at onset
Frequency
Duration
Typical features
Triggers

26
Q

What type of seizure do you expect n a patient more than 30 yo

A

Focal type

27
Q

Causes of focal seizures

A

Benign Rolandic epilepsy of childhood (idiopathic )
Benign occipital epilepsy of childhood ( idiopathic )
Genetic
Infantile hémiplégia
Dysembroynic
Cerebrovascular dx
Tumors
Infective
Trauma
Inflammatory

28
Q

Characteristics of tonic clonic seizures

A

Preceded by aura
Rigid and unconscious
Falls heavily if standing
Breathing stops and central. Cyanosis
Jerking for 2 mins at most
Flaccid state of deep coma
Regain awareness and is confused
Urinary incontinence and tongue biting possible

29
Q

Causes of tonic clonic generalized seizures

A

From focal seizures
Genetic
Cerebral birth injury
Hydrocephalus
Cerebral anoxia
Drugs (ATBs, anti malarials, cyclosporin, amphetamines , antiarrythmics , psychotropic )
Alcohol
Toxins
Metabolic dx (all the hypo..)
Infective
Inflammatory
Diffuse degenerative dx

30
Q

Characteristics of absence seizures

A

Start in childhood
Brief
Frequent - 20 to 30times in a day
Can be mistaken for daydreaming or poor concentration in school

31
Q

Myoclonic seizures characteristics

A

Brief jerking movements mostly in arms
More prominent in morning or when waking up
Provoked by fatigue alcohol and sleep deprivation

32
Q

Characteristic atonic seizures

A

Brief loss of muscle tone
Heavy falls
Occur in epilepsy sydrome

33
Q

Charcateriics of tonic seizures

A

Increase in tone and loss of awareness
Seen in epilepsy sudrome

34
Q

Characteristic sof clonic seizures

A

Same as tonic clonic seizures but no preceding tonic pahse

35
Q

Common generalized epilepsy syndrome

A

Childhood absence epilepsy (4-8yo, frequent brief absence)
Juvenile absence epilepsy (10-15 yo, brief absence)
Juvenile Myoclonic epilepsy (15-20 yo, GTCS,absences, morning Myoclonus )
GTCS on awakening (10-25yo , GTCS, sometimes Myoclonus)

36
Q

Investigations for seizures

A

ECG
Cranial imaging - CT or MRO
EEG
Other appropriate when signs of infections or metabolic etc

37
Q

Investigations for epilepsy

A

EEG
Imaging

10 - Neuro Clinicals (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions