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Cancer - epigenetics > Epigenetics 4 > Flashcards

Epigenetics 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What does too much stem cell self renewal cause?

A

Hyperplasia

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2
Q

What does too much stem cell differentiation cause?

A

Small organs

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3
Q

In asymmetric division, what do neural stem cells in drosophila divide to produce?

A

Self renew and ganglion mother cell

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4
Q

What is polarity in stem cell division?

A

Apical and basal alignment of protein during division

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5
Q

Does prospero align in the basal or apical cortex during asymmetrical division of stem cells?

A

Basal

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6
Q

What is DAM ID?

A

Attach DNA binding protein to E.coli enzyme which methylates adenine at GATC sites. Sites of methylated adenine indicate binding site of protein (e.g. prospero/lola)

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7
Q

What region of cyclin E gene does prospero bind?

A

introns

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8
Q

What did an RNA seq expression array reveal that prospero repressed?

A

neutral stem cell genes e.g. cyclin E

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9
Q

What happens to stem cells when prospero is knocked out?

A

Continuation of self renewal

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10
Q

What sequence was found conserved near prospero binding sites?

A

GATCG - binding site for lola

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11
Q

What binds the DNA sequence GATCG?

A

lola

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12
Q

What was used to identify lola as the DNA binding protein of sequence GATCG?

A

yeast 1 hybrid using His-3 marker protein

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13
Q

What is the structure of lola?

A

BTB zinc finger

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14
Q

What is the role of lola?

A

Transcription factor

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15
Q

What is the role of prospero?

A

Transcription factor

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16
Q

How many isoforms of lola were found?

A

25

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17
Q

How many isoform of lola that have zinc fingers were there?

A

17

18
Q

What kind of cell is lola expressed in?

A

Post mitotic neurons in drosophila

19
Q

Do most lola targets overlap with prospero targets?

A

yes

20
Q

What is the function of lola?

A

To maintain a cell in a differentiated state by repressing neural stem cell genes. It also represses genes that have already been switched off by prosper

21
Q

What happened when MARCM was used to knock out lola in drosophila?

A

tumour formation because of dedifferentiation of cells

22
Q

Can removal of lola causes dedifferentiation of mature neurons?

A

No, this is controlled by other factors interacting with lola

23
Q

What was used to identify binding partners of lola?

A

yeast 2 hybrid screen - found over 100 hits

24
Q

Give example of factors that interact with lola to prevent dedifferentiation?

A

NuRD complex
Histone deacetylates
permanently repress even when lola is removed

25
Q

What were 60% of lola hits from the yeast 2 hybrid screen?

A

lncRNAs

26
Q

Is lncRNA segregated into GMC in the same way as prospero?

A

yes

27
Q

What was lncRNA found to express?

A

micro-peptide 1

28
Q

How many many amino acids in micro-peptide- 1?

A

30aa

29
Q

What is the function of micro-peptide 1?

A

interacts with lola to prevent it from acting too early in differentiation

30
Q

What is the hippo pathway?

A

Cascade that results in repression of Yorkie (YAP)

31
Q

What does overexpression of yorkie (YAP) cause?

A

more proliferation of epithelium cells

32
Q

What has been found up regulated in melloblastomas?

A

YAP

33
Q

Yorkie causes symmetric division of stem cells. True or false?

A

True

34
Q

What is the affect of hippo pathway on symmetrical divsion of stem cells?

A

inhibitory - blocks yorkie (YAP)

35
Q

What is the notch pathway?

A

Delta ligand on one cell interacts with notch receptor on another. Causes gamma-secretase to cleave the intracellular region of notch (Rbpj) which translocates to the nucleus and promotes symmetrical division of stem cells

36
Q

What is the affect of notch pathway on symmetrical divsion of stem cells?

A

promotes symmetrical division

37
Q

Is notch a proto-oncogene?

A

yes

38
Q

What is the affect of KO Rbpj?

A

more asymmetric division, reduced size of cortex

39
Q

How does notch suppress growth?

A

different cellular context

40
Q

Could gamma-secretase inhibitors be a potential theraputic?

A

yes

Cancer - epigenetics (4 decks)

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