Epigenetic's

Question 1

Epigenetic’s

Answer 1

Addition of chemical tags (methyl or acetyl groups) to DNA that activate or inactivate genes, adjusts our minds and bodies in response to life experiences

Question 2

Gene Imprinting

Answer 2

The differential silencing of gamete genes by males and females, genders imprint differently

Question 3

Methylation of Cytosines by DNA

Answer 3

Can increase or decrease gene expression, which is how cells differentiate during development, proves how stress and other environment factors can change gene expression

Question 4

Histone Acetylation

Answer 4

Unwinds regions of DNA to facilitate transcription

Question 5

Histone Deacetylation

Answer 5

DNA winds tighter, inhibiting transcription

Question 6

Epigenetic Carcinogens

Answer 6

Compounds that affect histones or methylation, includes DES, hexachlorobenezene, Ni+, and cadmium

Question 7

Parental Conflict Hypothesis

Answer 7

Says father is more interested in growth of offspring at the expense of mom, whereas mom has to balance her own and the offsprings survival

Question 8

Paternally Imprinted Genes

Answer 8

Tend to be oncogenes that are growth promoting

Question 9

Maternally Imprinted Genes

Answer 9

Tend to be tumor suppressor genes that slow growth

Question 10

Epigenetic Inheritance

Answer 10

Some epigenetic changes are heritable, it used to be though that new embryo’s epigenome was completely erased and rebuilt from scratch

Question 11

What does abuse of mom during pregnancy cause

Answer 11

Epigenetic changes in kids cortisol receptor genes

Question 12

Moms hi stress during kids 1st year causes

Answer 12

139 epigenetic changes in the kid

Question 13

Dads hi stress during kids pre-school years causes

Answer 13

31 epigenetic changes in daughters

Question 14

Mom and Dads stress effects

Answer 14

Moms stress effects both boys and girls, but dads stress only effects girls

Question 15

Dads absence or lack of participation is associated with

Answer 15

Early puberty and difficult temperamental traits in girls, but not boys

Question 16

Drugs of abuse trigger

Answer 16

epigenetic changes in the brain, affecting hundreds of genes, not shown to be heritable, suggesting long term use may be written in epigenetic code

Question 17

Starvation

Answer 17

Causes transgenerational epigenetic changes, kids and grandkids of starved people tend to be born smaller, have higher rates of diabetes, heart disease and mental disorders