Epigenetic Influences on Gene Expression

Question 1

the resulting phenotype
is a combination of both genes

Answer 1

incomplete dominance

Question 2

Pattern of inheritance in which certain
characteristics carried on the X chromosome inherited from the mother are
transmitted differently to her male and
female offspring

Answer 2

Sex-Linked Inheritance of Defects

Question 3

typically occur
because of errors in cell division, resulting in
an extra or missing chromosome

Answer 3

Chromosomal Abnormalities

Question 4

the most common chromosomal
abnormality, accounts for about 40 percent
of all cases of moderate-to-severe
intellectual disability

Answer 4

Down syndrome

Question 5

The condition is also called

Answer 5

trisomy-21

Question 6

can help prospective parents assess their risk of bearing children with genetic or chromosomal defects.

Answer 6

Genetic counseling

Question 7

Quantitative study of relative hereditary and
environmental influences on behavior

Answer 7

behavioral genetics

Question 8

Behavioral geneticists have
developed a means of estimating how much of a trait is due to genetics and how much is the result of environmental influences by using this concept

Answer 8

heritability

Question 9

Term describing tendency of twins to share
the same trait or disorder

Answer 9

Concordant

Question 10

refers to a range of potential expressions of
a hereditary trait. Body size, for example,
depends largely on biological processes,
which are genetically regulated.

Answer 10

Reaction Range

Question 11

Some traits have an extremely narrow
range of reaction.

Answer 11

Canalization

Question 12

refers to the effects of similar environmental conditions.

Answer 12

Genotype-Environment Interaction

Question 13

The environment often reflects or reinforces
genetic differences.

Answer 13

Genotype-Environment Correlation

Question 14

3 Ways to Strengthen the Phenotypic Expression

Answer 14

Passive Correlations, Reactive Correlation, and Active Correlation

Question 15

You not only inherit genes from your biological parents, you also inherit environments.

Answer 15

Passive correlations

Question 16

Children with differing genetic makeups
evoke different reactions from others.

Answer 16

Reactive, or evocative, correlations:

Question 17

actively select or create experiences consistent with their genetic tendencies.

Answer 17

Active correlations

Question 18

Tendency of a person, especially after early
childhood, to seek out environments compatible with his or her genotype.

Answer 18

niche-picking