Epidermis & Keratinization Flashcards
Squamous cell carcinoma characterized by?
Redness and scaling
Row of tombstones is indicative of?
Pemphigus vulgaris
Desquamation involves? (3 things)
1) Proteolysis of intercellular bonds via hydrolases
2) Organized dissolution of intercellular lipids
3) Keratinocytes shed singly without dry skin
Xerosis characterized by? (3 things)
Fine, white scale
Hyperkeratosis
May be itchy
Mechanism of xerosis (3 things)
1) Dehydration of keratinocytes due to decrease in Natural Moisturizing Factors
2) Decreased intercellular lipids
3) Failure to break intercellular bonds in organized fashion
5 endogenous causes of xerosis
Atopy Ichthyosis vulgaris Renal insufficiency Lipid lowering medications Malnutrition
Acanthosis
Hyperplasia of stratum spinosum due to proliferation
Hyperkeratosis
Hyperplasia of corneum due to increased production or reduced desquamation
Lichenification
Hyperplasia of spinosum and corneum due to scratching / rubbing
Keratosis pilaris
Hyperkeratosis (hyperplasia of corneum) due to retention
Tiny pink dots associated w/ hair follicles
Lichen simplex chronicus
Lichenification (hyperplasia of spinosum and corneum) due to rubbing and scratching
Ichthyosis vulgaris (cause, inheritance, age, appearance, association)
Most common disorder of cornification Retention hyperkeratosis Autosomal dominant Appears in childhood Fish scale appearance (polygonal) Associated with atopic triad, hyperkeratosis pilaris, and hyper linear palms
Palmoplantar Keratoderma (cause, inheritance, 3 subtypes, and treatment)
Hyperkeratosis of palms and soles
Autosomal dominant and recessive
Due to keratin mutation
Diffuse - thick, yellow plaques; associated w/ hyperhidrosis (excess sweating)
Focal - Hyperkeratosis over pressure points
Punctate - Hyperkeratotic papules w/ warty apperance
Treated w/ paring hyperkeratotic areas, moisturizers, and humectants
Atopic dermatitis (cause, defect, sxs, tx)
Inflammation due to aberrant TH2 response
Filaggrin defect –> reduction in AA’s –> dehydration of corneum
Itchy rash that favors flexural surfaces
Treat with topical steroid
Psoriasis (inflammation, sxs, tx)
Inflammation due to TH1 and TH17
Hyperplasia of spinosum (acanthosis) due to increased rate of cell turnover and inflammation
Variably itchy rash that favors extensor surfaces
Red plaques, thick adherent scale, and nail changes.
Tx w/ topical steroid