Epidermis

Question 1

Your skin cells, more formally known as

Answer 1

keratinocytes

Question 2

What production happens in the granular layer?

Answer 2

production of important fats, proteins, and sugars

Question 3

What are Corneocytes?

Answer 3

outermost cells of your epidermis that have lost their nucleus and are , ‘dead’.

Question 4

Within 4-weeks the keratinocyte is created, developed, and shed from your skins surface – a process known as?

Answer 4

epidermal desquamation or ‘skin cell turnover’.

Question 5

The stratum basale of your epidermis contains cells called?

Answer 5

melanocytes

Question 6

The stratum basale of your epidermis contains cells called?

Answer 6

melanocytes

Question 7

The melanin in your skin helps to protect you from sun damage by? And why

Answer 7

by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It does this by forming little ‘caps’ in your skin cells that sit above each cells nucleus (where your cells DNA is stored).

Question 8

Melanin is created from an amino acid called?

Answer 8

tyrosine

Question 9

Explain the The stratum corneum in 4 dot points

Answer 9

1. better known as your skin barrier,
2. is the outermost layer of your epidermis.
3. Its primary role is to prevent water from escaping (i.e. keep your skin hydrated) and irritants, allergens, and environmental pollutants from entering.
4. It’s also the target for the majority of skincare products.

Question 10

It has a ‘bricks-and-mortar’ like structure, where your skin cells are the bricks that are held together by a glue-like mixture of lipids (fats). This mixture of lipids is often referred to as your ‘lipid matrix’ and is made up of around 45-50% ceramides, 25% cholesterol, and 10-15% free fatty acids.

What is this referring to?

Answer 10

THE STRATUM CORNEUM

Question 11

What is the ‘lipid matrix?

Answer 11

the skin’s outermost layer, the stratum corneum

Question 12

What is the lipid matrix’ and is made up of?

Answer 12

45-50% ceramides, 25% cholesterol, and 10-15% free fatty acids.

Question 13

What is this referring to? ____ play a vital role in skin hydration by acting as a glue to hold your skin cells together. This helps to create a barrier and retain moisture within your skin, as well as keeping your skin supple.

Question 14

What do NATURAL MOISTURIZING FACTORS do in the skin?

Answer 14

act as humectants to draw water from your environment into your skin cells.

Question 15

What is the missing word?

Unlike your ____ which fill in the gaps between your skin cells and create a physical barrier to prevent water loss

Answer 15

Lipids

Question 16

What do NMFs mainly consist of ?

Answer 16

amino acids and their derivatives, such as lactic acid, urea, PCA, and sugars.

Question 17

What do Natural moisturising factors do in the skin?

Answer 17

control the hydration of your individual skin cells and regulate how much water goes in and out.
Too much water = skin cells expand too much (this is what causes the wrinkles you see when you have been in the bath too long).
Too little water = skin cells shrink (dry and cracked skin).

Question 18

Reduced levels of NMFs natural moisturising factors, are also associated with various dry skin conditions such as?

Answer 18

atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.

Question 19

Your skin surface lipids contain a mixture of?

Answer 19

found in your lipid matrix (ceramides, cholesterol, fatty acids),

Question 20

What are the three main layers of the skin?

Answer 20

Your epidermis (outer layer)
Your dermis (middle layer)
Your subcutaneous fat layer (deeper-layer)