Epidemiology of Periodontal Disease Flashcards
How is the prevalence of a disease defined?
Number of new cases at a given time /
Number in the population at a given time
Example would be 90% of population having gingivitis.
Measuring how much of a disease there is.
How is the incidence of a disease reported?
Number of new cases of disease /
Population initially disease free
Usually measured in a year and how many new cases there are in that span.
What are cross-sectional studies?
The presence or absence of disease and the characteristics of the members os a population are measured at a point in time.
Useful for comparing characteristics of people with and without diseae to generate hypothesis of etiology.
What are cohort studies?
Follows subjects over time. Subjects must be free of disease at the beginning of the study.
What are case control studies?
Efficient way to study association between an exposure and a disease.
Can be conductly more quickly than cohort studies.
What is the difference between parametric and none parametric measurements?
Parametric has values of 1, 2, 3, etc like probe depths where nonparametric does not IE amount of plaque.
What is index referring to?
Numerical value describing status of population. Allows for comparison of groups.
What is periodotal health considered?
Free from clinical inflammation
Can you have periodontal disease without inflammation?
No. Note that bone loss and recession is due to the immune response.
What is the defintion of gingivitis?
An infammatory process confined to the gingival tissues caused by nonspecific accumulation of plaque and usually reversible.
What is the definition of periodontis?
Inflammation not confined to the gingiva, but involves attachment aparatus.
What is the Silness Loe plaque index?
It is a nonparametric parameter. Taken with the following parameters:
0= no plaque visiblly or with probe
1= no plaque visibly but seen with probe
2= Mild to moderate visible plaque at gingival area
3=heavy plaque filling gingial crevice and interdental area.
How is the simplified oral hygiene index by Greene and Vermillion performed?
NOTE has debris and calculus components
0= No visible debris or stain
1= debris oer extrinsic stain covering up to 1/3
2= debris or extrinsic stain covering between 1/3 and 2/3
3= debris covering more than 2/3
CALCULUS COMPONENT
0= No calculus
1= Supra gingival covering 1/3
2=Supra gingival covering 1/3-2/3
3=Supra gingival covering more than 2/3
How is the Lenox and kopcyzk plaque score performed?
Tooth is divided into six sections and marked if plaque is present. Then number of sites with plaque divided by 6 X number of teeth present X 100
How is the Loe Silness gingical index performed?
0= normal gingiva with no signs of inflammation
1= Mild inflammation, slight erythem and elargement. No bleeding.
2= Moderate inflammation, Moderate erythema, bleeding.
3= Severe inflammation, marked erythema, bleed spontaneously.
