Epidemiology Of Eye And Vision Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
____ of world popoulation are visually impaired
A
3.4%
2
Q
Aged of blind worldwide
A
More likely to be blind if you are above age 60
3
Q
Prevalence of blindness in the world
A
More prevalent in African countries and Asia and South America
4
Q
Trend of global visual impairment prevalence
A
- 80% of all visual impairment is preventable
- in the past 25 years, global visual impairment has decreased
- increased socioeconimic development
- concerted public health action
- increased availability of eye care services
- awareness of the general population to vision care services
5
Q
Uncorrected refractive errors in the world
A
53%
6
Q
World wide cause of modern to severe visual impairment
A
Uncorrected refractive errors (53%) In-operated cataracts ARMD Glaucoma DR
7
Q
Worldwide causes of blindness
A
CATARACTS (48%) glaucoma AMD Corneal opacity DR Childhood blindness Trachoma
8
Q
Trachoma
A
- caused by bacterial/intracellular parasite CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. Different strain than adult inclusion conjunctivitis (not an STD). Seen in crowded living conditions with poor sanitation
- direct transmission-women and kids and kids and kids-discharge from eyes or nose. Hands, towels, clothing can be reservoirs. FLIES can act as VECTORS by transferring the bacteria from eye infected to uninflected host
- once ENDEMIC to North America and Europe, now in developing countries
9
Q
Signs of trachoma
A
- follicular conjunctivitis
- conjunctival scarring
- cicatricial entropion, trichiasis
- corneal scarring
10
Q
Mexico and trachoma
A
- in state of Chiapas endemic in 246 communities
- 1800 CASES IN 2004, 0 IN 2017
- SAFE: surgery, Abx, facial cleanliness, environmental improvement
11
Q
Blindness and preventable ness
A
- 90% of worlds blind live in developing countries
- 80% of global blindness result of 5 preventable or treatable conditions:
Refractive error Cataract Trachoma Onchocerciasis (RIVER BLINDNESS) Vitamin A deficiency
12
Q
Onchocerciasis
A
- cased by PARASITIC WORM onchocerca volvulus, inserted into host by BLACKFLY BITE (VECTOR)
- fly develops in FLOWING WATER
- Second most common cause of infectious blindness to trachoma
- LARVAL FORM LIVES IN SKIN AND EYE
- ocular effects (ant seg more common): keratitis, uveitis, chorio-retinitis, glaucoma
- prevention-aerial spraying to kill vector
- treatment-ivermectin (PO) kills larvae
13
Q
Countries with onchocerciasis
A
South America, Brazil (most common)
Africa
14
Q
Children blindness worldwide
A
- 1,4mill kids 0-14 years old ar blind-BVA in better eye less than 3/60
- THIS PREVALENCE NUMBER IS LOW BECAUSE BLIND CHIDLREN DIE YOUNGER THAN THOSE WHO ARE SIGHTED. Over 60% thought to die within a year of becoming blind
- > 12mill children ages 5-15 visually impaired due to incrreocted refractive errors
- LEADING CAUSE OF CHILDHOOD BLINDNESS-VITAMIN A DEFICEINCY
15
Q
Vit A deficiency
A
- problem for pregnant women as well as children
- ASSOCIATED WITH MEASLES
- many ocualr manifestations: night blindness (rhodopsin), xerophthalmia (DRY EYES)
- XErophthlamia: bitot spots (build up of keratin on bulbar conjunctiva), keratomalacia (corneal ulceration and necrosis)
