Epidemiology midterm 2 Flashcards
In Europe the ticks are the most important means in the transmission of the ASF virus.
False
Porcine teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus replicates in the gut.
True
Asymptomatic pigs can shed the porcine teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus.
True
Porcine teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus is shed in the faces’
True
Porcine teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus is shed in the faces.
True
Teschen and Talfan disease are caused by different virulence variants of the same virus.
True
There is no vaccine available against infectious bursitis virus.
False
The infectious bursitis virus can be isolated on CAM.
True
The infectious bursitis virus causes anaemia.
True
The infectious bursitis virus has more than one virulence variants.
True
The avian hepatitis E is zoonotic.
False
Noroviruses may be zoonotic.
True
In RHD pathology we can see hemorrhages and infarcts in the kidney.
True
In case of ASF infection viremia can last for months.
True
The hemorrhage in RHD is the result of virus multiplication in the liver.
true
FCV infection results in a two-phase fever.
True
Virulent systemic feline calicivirus causes more severe symptom in kittens.
False
VES can be easily differentiated from FMD by the character of the vesicles.
False
VES is more contagious than FMD.
False
Vaccination against FMD can prevent the infection.
False
FMD infection in young animals leads to myocarditis.
True
FMD erosions are characteristic with tattered edge and red base.
True
FMD virus is carried in the tonsils, lymphatic tissues and hoof of the infected animal.
True
The main reservoirs of FMD virus are cattle and buffalo.
True
FMD virus is genetically and serologically uniform.
False
FMD virus cannot be isolated in cell culture.
False
FMD virus can be transferred by frozen meat.
True
In acute ASF the leading pathological lesion is haemorrhage.
True
Infection by moderately virulent ASF vinis results in high mortality of sows.
True
Swine vesicular disease virus cannot survive in the environment.
False
Humans are not susceptible to horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses.
False
American horse encephalomyelitis most frequently cause clinical signs is birds, horses and humans.
True
The host range of horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses is wide.
True
Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horses occurs frequently worldwide.
False
Infectious tenosynovitis can be prevented by vaccination.
True
Avian orthoreoviruses can cause poult enteritis-mortality syndrome (PEMS).
True
Avian orthoreoviruses can cause inapparent infections in poultry.
True
Orthoreoviruses can cause encephalitis in cattle.
False
African horse sickness can cause lung edema.
True
African horse sickness is a notifiable (communicable) disease in Europe.
True
African horse sickness can cause encephalitis.
False
African horse sickness was transported to Europe by migratory birds.
False
Bluetongue vaccines induce serotype-specific immunity.
True
Rotaviruses can cause chronic enteritis and persistent infection.
False
Rotaviral enteritis of calves can be prevented by immunization of pregnant cows.
True
Bluetongue causes transient infection in cattle.
False
Swine vesicular disease virus causes viraemia.
True
Swine vesicular disease virus can cause vesicles on the snout.
True
The mortality of swine vesicular disease is generally above 50%.
False
Encephalomyocarditis virus has a narrow host range.
False
Rodents can maintain encephalomyocarditis infection.
True
Encephalomyocarditis virus can cause necrosis of the heart muscle.
True
Encephalomyocarditis is a zoonosis.
True
Trypsin sensitive avian orthoreoviruses can cause respiratory disease.
True
Swine rotavirus infection is frequently followed by E. coli secondary infection in
True
Avian rotaviruses can cause tenosynovitis
False
Avian orthoreoviruses can cause germinative (ovogen) infection.
True
Tick-borne encephalomyelitis mainly occurs clinically in humans.
True
Nairobi sheep disease is zoonotic.
True
Rift Valley fever is zoonotic
True
Akabane disease is zoonotic
False
Schmallenberg disease is zoonotic
False
Classical swine fever usually appears in a milder form in wild boar than in domestic pigs.
True
Domestic swine stocks are free of classical swine fever in most of the European countries.
True
Classical swine fever can be diagnosed easily by the characteristic symptoms and lesions.
False
Classical swine fever virus is rarely complicated by secondary infections.
False
Classical swine fever can be eradicated from wild boar populations by oral vaccination.
False
Classical swine fever virus can cause immunosuppression in pigs.
True
Classical swine fever virus can cause nervous symptoms only in suckling piglets.
False
Classical swine fever virus is shed with faces, when boutons appear in the intestines.
False
Border disease appears as fetal damage in pregnant ewes.
True
Only cattle is susceptible to BVD virus.
False
BVD virus can cause severe damage to fetuses in pregnant cows.
True
BVD clinically is mostly seen in cattle from 6 to 24 months of age.
True
Neurological signs develop only in a small percentage of the diseased animals. (WNF)
True
Clinical signs of West Nile fever are most frequently seen in birds, horses and humans.
True
The most important maintaining hosts of West Nile fever virus are water birds.
True
West-Nile fever practically is restricted to Africa.
False
Ruminants are long term carries of tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus.
False
Tick-borne encephalomyelitis exists as natural foci infections.
True
Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs throughout Europe and Asia.
True
False Despite being enveloped, the resistance of ASF virus in the environment is high.
True
Porcine teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus cannot survive in the environment.
False
Porcine teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus can infect pigs and cattle.
False
Porcine teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus is maintained by rodents.
False
Porcine teschovirus encephalomyelitis is mainly caused by serotype 1 strains.
True
By disinfection of the eggshell we can prevent IBDV infection.
True
IBDV causes immunosuppression in chicken between 2-8 weeks of age.
True
The resistance of infectious bursitis virus is very high.
True
The infectious bursitis virus spreads by mosquitoes.
False
Hepatitis E virus causes characteristic clinical symptoms in swine.
False
Sapoviruses cause gastrointestinal infections in human.
True
RHD causes airborne infection.
True
Vaccine against RHD is produced in rabbits.
True
Feline calicivirus may be shed by urine and feces.
True
The moderately virulent ASF virus does not cause fever.
False
Infected cats carry feline calicivirus at least for a month.
True
We can differentiate VES from FMD by the lack of lameness.
False
Vesicular exanthema of swine is sea-mammal origin.
True
Comparing to cattle swine show milder vesicular symptoms.
True
Vaccinated animals can carry FMD virus.
True
FMD virus is shed by semen too.
True
Shedding of FMD virus starts 3 days after the infection.
False
Hedgehogs are susceptible to FMD.
True
Swine shed about 1000-3000% higher FMD virus concentration comparing to ruminants.
True
Genotype C of FMD virus is the most frequently detected worldwide.
False
FMD virus retains its infectivity for more than a month in manure.
True
In chronic cases of ASF spleen hyperplasia is a leading pathological lesion.
True
In case of infection by highly virulent ASF virus we can see skin necrosis as clinical sign.
False
Avian encephalomyelitis is caused by a double stranded DNA virus.
False
Vaccines cannot be used to prevent Togaviruses
False
Main means of control of American borse encephalomyelitis are mosquito control and vaccines.
True
Vectors of American horse encephalomyelitis Togaviruses are mosquitoes.
True
American horse encephalomyelitis viruses represent several types and subtypes.
True
Avian orthoreo –and rotaviruses can cause runting sunting syndrome in chickens.
True
Orthoreoviruses can cause pneumoenteritis in cattle.
True
Rotaviruses cause mainly respiratory signs in cattle.
False
The subacute form of African bare sickness is causing edema formation and heart failure.
True
Horse encephalosis is endemic in Africa.
True
African horse sickness is prevented in Africa by combined vaccines.
True
African horse sickness is zoonotic.
False
African horse sickness is spread by ticks.
False
Horse encephalosis appeared several times in Europe between 2006 and 2009.
False
Ibaraki disease virus immunizes against bluetongue.
False
Bluetongue is also fetopathic.
True
Bluetongue infects also horses and dogs.
False
Bluetongue is named after the pseudo-melanosis of the tongue.
False
Bluetongue is named after the cyanosis of the tongue.
True
Bluetongue disease occurs only in Africa.
False
Orbiviruses spread by droplet (aerogen) infection.
False
Chickens are susceptible to avian encephalomyelitis virus.
True
Germinative infection is a way of spreading of avian encephalomyelitis virus.
True
Tremor is a common clinical sign of avian encephalomyelitis.
True
Per os infection is a common way of infection with duck hepatitis A virus.
True
Germinative infection is a common way of infection with duck hepatitis A virus.
False
Clinical signs of duck hepatitis can be seen in all age groups.
False
Spasmodical paddling is a frequent clinical sign of duck hepatitis.
True
Tick-borne encephalomyelitis most frequently is seen clinically in ruminants.
False
Nairobi sheep disease can cause hemorrhagic enteritis among sheep.
True
Schmallenberg virus was transported to Europe from South-America.
False
Ticks are reservoirs and vectors of the Schmallenberg virus.
False
Rift-valley fever caused human epidemics in Africa.
True
Classical swine fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in carnivores.
False
Classical swine fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in pigs.
True
Only DIVA vaccines should be used to prevent classical swine fever in swine stocks.
False
Classical swine fever virus is immunosuppressive.
True
Classical swine fever virus can cause immunotolerance in swine.
True
Classical swine fever virus is inactivated in chilled meat at -20°C.
False
Classical swine fever virus doesn’t induce neutralizing antibody production.
False
Acute classical swine fever can cause hemorrhagic pneumonia.
True
Occasionally tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus can be transmitted to humans via consuming raw milk.
True
Both attenuated live and inactivated vaccines are used in eradication of BVD.
True
Bulls can shed BVD virus for long time in semen, without showing any clinical sign.
True
VD infection of pregnant cows can result in delivery of immunotolerant persistently infected calves.
True
BVD virus exists in several serotypes.
False
Humans are not susceptible to West Nile disease virus.
False
The host range of West Nile virus is very wide.
True
Vectors of West Nile fever virus are different mosquito species.
True
West Nile fever occurs worldwide.
True
For humans inactivated tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus vaccines are also available.
True
Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs seasonally.
True
Rotaviruses infect only mammalian hosts.
False
Rift Valley fever may cause high lethality in young ruminants.
True
Certain European mosquito species are competent vectors of Rift Valley fever virus.
True
The acute signs of Schmallenberg virus infection in cattle are fever and reduced milk production.
True
Abortions and fetal malformations are the most typical signs of Akabane disease.
True
Erysipelas and Porcine circovirus 2 infections may cause clinical signs and pathology lesions similar to Classical Swine Fever.
True
CSFV can cause central nervous signs only in suckling piglets.
False
Shedding of CSFV begins 1 to 2 days after the appearance of clinical signs.
False
CSFV may survive in frozen meat for months.
True
The Classical Swine Fever may appear in a milder form in wild boar than in domestic swine.
True
Hemorrhages are the most typical lesions of acute Classical Swine Fever.
True
CSFV may cause reproductive disorders.
True
All known strains of the Classical Swine Fever virus are of highly virulence.
False
Moderately attenuated (“hot”) IBDV vaccines are used for the immunization of young chicken without yolk immunity.
False
Clinical manifestations of infectious bursal disease are seen mainly in chicken between the age of 3 and 6 weeks.
True
Avian orthoreoviruses usually cause disease in adult birds.
False
IBDV serotype 2 is used for immunization of chicken against Infectious Bursal Disease.
False
The Infectious Bursal Disease virus (IBDV) is very sensitive to detergents.
False
Avian orthoreoviruses may cause necrotic foci in the visceral organs of birds.
True
Tenosynovitis is one of the most typical manifestations of Avian orthoreovirus infections.
True
Germinative infection is the primary way of infection with Duck hepatitis A Virus.
False
Immunized horses may develop a chronic, febrile form of the African Horse Sickness.
True
Zebras are more resistant to African Horse Sickness than horses.
True
Occasionally carnivores may get infected with African Horse Sickness virus.
True
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease was described only in Australia so far.
False
Sheep are less sensitive to Bluetongue than swine.
False
Endothelial damages are the most important causes of the clinical signs of Bluetongue.
True
Bluetongue virus is typically vectored by ticks.
False
Bluetongue is present only in tropical areas.
False
There are no vaccines available against Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease.
False
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease virus usually causes death in 1-3 weeks old rabbits.
False
Some variants of Feline calicivirus may escape vaccine induced protection.
True
Cat queens frequently abort in the acute phase of Feline calicivirus infection.
False
Clinical signs of Duck hepatitis are seen in 1-4 week old ducklings.
True
The main clinical signs of FMD are: fever, salivation, vesicles and lameness.
True
O and A type of FMD viruses are most widely distributed.
True
Pigs shed large amount of FMD virus with their saliva during the acute phase of the disease.
True
Clinical signs of FMD in sheep are very mild.
True
FMD virus can cause severe myocarditis in young calves and piglets.
True
In infected countries inactivated vaccine are also used for prevention of FMDS.
True
FMD virus can get into Europe most easily from Turkey, Middle East and North-Africa.
True
Resistance of FMD virus is low, in the environment, they are inactivated within days.
False
There are no vaccines for the prevention of Duck hepatitis.
False
Spasmodical paddling is a typical sign of Duck hepatitis.
True
Reoviruses are sensitive to lipid solvents and detergents.
False
The agent of Talfan disease is shed lifelong after the infections.
False
The agent of Talfan disease replicates in the gut.
True
Pigs and ruminants are susceptible to the agent of Talfan disease.
False
Talfan disease occurs in Europe, America and Australia.
True
There is a widespread vaccination in endemic areas to prevent African Swine Fever.
False
The clinical signs of African Swine Fever are more severe in wild boars than in farmed pigs.
False
African Swine Fever virus can infect pigs and wild boars.
True
African Swine Fever virus has a low resistance.
False
Vaccines provide high level of protection against all IBDV strains.
False
Fever, diarrhea and anemia are signs of the Infectious Bursal Disease.
True
IBDV does not cause disease in adult chicken (over 2 months of age).
True
Very virulent strains of the Infectious Bursal Disease virus (IBDV) may cause
True
The Bluetongue virus is vectored by midges/gnats.
True
Avian orthoreoviruses can cause necrotic and inflammatory foci in visceral organs.
True
Infection of adult birds with Orthoreoviruses usually remains subclinical.
True
Horses usually develop lethal hemorrhagic enteritis in Orthoreovirus infections.
False
Orthoreoviruses can cause pneumoenteritis in calves.
True
Rotaviruses usually cause enteritis in young (1-2 weeks old) animals.
True
Rotaviruses are shed in the feces in high titers.
True
Encephalitis is the most frequent sign of the African Horse Sickness.
False
The natural reservoirs of the African Horse Sickness virus are mainly zebras.
True
The Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease is present in the USA in deer.
True
Lameness and abortions are signs of Bluetongue.
True
Ticks can transmit African Swine Fever virus.
True
The Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease is present only in Australia.
False
Virulent strains of the Feline calicivirus can cause systemic disease with mortality.
True
Oral erosions are signs of Feline calicivirus infection.
True
Clinical signs of the Vesicular Exanthema of swine can be similar to the Foot and Mouth disease.
True
About half of the countries of the world are presently infected with FMD.
True
The resistance of FMD virus is rather low, in the environment it is inactivated within days.
False
In sheep clinical signs of FMD are very mild.
True
O and A serotypes of FMD are mostly widespread in the world.
True
In endemically infected countries vaccines are also used in prevention of FMD.
True
Swine and wild boars are susceptible to African Swine Fever virus.
True
FMD virus is highly contagious, spreads rapidly.
True
In young animal FMD virus frequently causes myocarditis.
True
For Europe Middle-East, Africa and Asia are the main danger to introduce FMD.
True
Duck hepatitis A virus can be detected with PCR.
True
Clinical signs of duck hepatitis can be seen mainly in laying ducks.
False
Duck hepatitis A virus can cause germinative infection.
False
Duck hepatitis A virus is shed in the feces.
True
Swine Vesicular Disease virus can infect humans
False
Swine Vesicular Disease virus does not cause viraemia, only local lesions can be seen.
False
Swine Vesicular Disease virus can cause infection per os.
True
Swine Vesicular Disease virus can infect swine and ruminants.
False
Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of African swine fever.
False
Warthogs can maintain African Swine Fever in endemic areas.
True
The Eastern Equine Encephalitis is present in Japan and Korea.
False
Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis is a lesion of Nairobi sheep disease.
True
Necrotic hepatitis is a lesion of Rift Valley fever.
True
The Rift Valley fever virus can cause reproductive disorders in cattle and sheep.
True
The Schmallenberg virus is a zoonotic agent.
False
Attenuated vaccines are developed for immunization of swine against CSFV.
True
Contaminated pork meat can play a role in the transmission of CSFV.
True
The clinical signs of African Swine Fever and Classical Swine Fever are very different.
False
Skin suffusions and hemorrhages are signs of Classical Swine Fever.
True
Swine can shed CSFV in the incubation period.
True
CSFV may damage the lymphatic tissues and blood vessel endothelial cells.
True
Low virulence strains of CSFV may cause reproductive problems.
True
The Classical Swine Fever virus (CSFV) is a zoonotic agent.
False
Mosquitoes are the principal vectors of the Western Equine encephalitis.
True
The Border Disease is present only in the United Kingdom.
False
ucosal Disease can develop in cattle persistently infected with BVDV.
True
In utero infection with non-cytopathic BVDV can cause immunotolerance.
True
Non-cytopathic strains of the Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus (BVDV) can cause immunosuppression.
True
The West Nile virus may cause encephalitis in humans and in horses.
True
The Louping Ill is seen in rabbits in Australia.
False
The Tick-borne encephalitis virus can be transmitted via consumption of raw milk.
True
Serological cross reactions frequently occur between related Flaviviruses.
True
Eastern, Western and Venezuelan Equine encephalitis viruses are zoonotic agents.
True
No characteristic gross pathology lesions are seen in Equine encephalitis caused by
Togaviruses.
True
FMD is sporadic in Europe.
True
Young chicken can be immunized only with inactivated IBDV vaccines.
False
Pathology lesions of the Infectious Bursal Disease can be similar to the Avian influenza.
True
Infection of day-old chicken with IBDV may cause permanent immunosuppression.
True
The Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is very resistant in the environment.
True
Trypsin sensitive strains of avian orthoreoviruses frequently cause tenosynovitis.
True
Trypsin resistant strains of Avian orthoreoviruses frequently cause diarrhea.
True
Rotaviruses are typically transmitted via the fecal-oral route.
True
Rotaviruses infect only mammals.
False
The Equine encephalitis virus may cause abortion.
True
The signs of chronic African Horse Sickness and Equine Infectious Anemia may be similar.
True
Edemas and hemorrhages are the most frequent lesions in African horse sickness.
True
The African horse sickness is endemic in Europe and in the USA.
False
In Europe vaccination of small ruminants against bluetongue is mandatory.
False
Goats are more resistant to the bluetongue than sheep.
True
Resistance of FMD virus is high, in the environment it remains infectious for weeks.
True
Bluetongue outbreaks mainly occur in summer and autumn.
True
Genetic re-assortments may cause significant antigenic changes in reovirus strains.
True
Rabbits over 1 month of age become susceptible to the Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease virus.
True
Lameness and fever are possible clinical signs of Feline calicivirus infection.
True
Cats shed the Feline calicivirus for several weeks.
True
The Vesicular Exanthema of swine virus infects only pigs.
False
In sheep clinical signs of FMD are very mild, it is not easy to recognize.
True
In Europe vaccines must not be used for prevention of FMD.
True
Serological examinations are important in diagnosis of FMD.
False
The main signs of FMD are: fever, salivation, formation of vesicles and lameness.
True
Water buffalos are not susceptible for FMD.
False
FMD virus frequently causes carditis is young animals.
True
Fomites do not play a role in the transmission of the Classical Swine Fever Virus.
False
Encephalomyocarditis virus can infect humans.
True
Encephalomyocarditis virus can cause per os infection.
True
Encephalomyocarditis virus remains infective in the environment.
True
Encephalomyocarditis virus can infect only pigs.
False
There is widespread vaccination using inactivated vaccines to prevent teschovirus encephalomyelitis.
False
Teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus is transmitted by arthropods.
False
Only pigs are susceptible to teschovirus encephalomyelitis.
True
Teschen disease occurs all over the world.
False
Only activated vaccines are used for the prevention of African Swine Fever.
False
Immunocomplexes are formed in the case of African Swine Fever.
True
African Swine Fever is a resistant virus.
True
African Swine Fever does not occur in Europe.
False
The most frequent sign of the Nairobi sheep disease is encephalitis.
False
Rift Valley fever virus is a zoonotic agent.
True
Transplacental infection with CSFV may cause immunotolerance in new-born piglets.
True
In cattle Schmallenberg virus causes transient febrile disease with reduced milk production.
True
Rodents are the reservoir hosts of Schmallenberg virus.
True
Porcine circovirus 2 may cause lesions similar to Classical Swine Fever.
True
The diagnosis of Classical Swine Fever is based on paired serum investigations.
False
The large intestine are the earliest lesions in Classical Swine Fever.
False
Classical Swine Fever is always an acute disease with high mortality in wild boars.
False
Europe is free from CSFV
False
Swine shed CSFV only in the terminal phase of the disease.
False
In Europe only low virulence strains of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) can be found.
False
Intrauterine BVD virus infection always causes abortion.
False
The BVD virus cannot be transmitted via artificial insemination.
False
The BVD virus genotype 2 is less virulent than genotype 1.
False
Swine is not susceptible to the Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) virus.
False
Laboratory diagnosis should confirm the aetiology of West Nile encephalitis.
True
The weather influences the emergence of West Nile Virus outbreaks, through its effect on mosquito propagation dynamics.
True
Horses are the reservoir hosts of West Nile Virus.
False
West Nile virus (WNV) is only present in Africa.
False
The principle vector of the Louping ill virus is Rhipicephalus appendiculatus.
False
Tick-borne encephalitis in mainly seen in humans.
True
Tick-borne encephalitis virus can be transmitted with raw goat milk.
True
Flaviviruses form distinct serotypes, without serological cross-reactions.
False
Infectious Bursal Disease is a very contagious disease.
True
In endemic countries vaccines are available against Equine viral encephalomyelitis.
True
Viral Equine encephalomyelitis is usually diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs.
False
Ticks are involved in the transmission cycle of EEE.
False
Wild birds are involved in the transmission cycle of Eastern Equine encephalomyelitis (EEE).
True
Early IBDV infection damages the humoral immunity.
True
Pigeons are the most susceptible to IBDV.
False
