Epidemiology and Risk Factors

Question 1

Condiciones englobadas en CVD (7)

Answer 1

CAD, HF, VHD, stroke, congenital heart heart defects, rhythm disorders and sudden cardiac arrest.

Question 2

Factores de riesgo modificables de CVD / 7 metrics of CV health

Answer 2

Dyslipidemia
Smoking 
DM
Hypertension 
Obesity 
Inadequate exercise 
Diet

Question 3

Abandono de tabaco y reducción de riesgo CV

Answer 3

Reduces CV risk within 2 years with risk returning to the level of a nonsmoker after approximately 10 years

Question 4

Smoking and CV risk

Answer 4

Overall mortality is increased two to three times, and risk for stroke is increased two to four times.

Question 5

Consumo recomendado de frutas y verduras

Answer 5

1.5 a 2 tazas de fruta

2-3 tazas de verduras

Question 6

History of premature CAD

Answer 6

Male < 55 years
Female < 65 years

In parents doubles risk for MI in men and increases risk in women by 70%

Question 7

CV risk scores

Answer 7

Framingham = Used to estimate the 10 years risk for a major coronary heart disease event (<10% low, 10-20% intermediate and >20% high) / A limitation is it’s underestimation of risk in women and minority populations.

Reynolds risk score = Sex specific score for both men and women that includes family history and hs-C reactive protein levels.

ACC/AHA - ASCVD risk estimator = Identify who would benefit from preventive measures, including statin therapy

Question 8

Treatment of hypertension reduces risk for …

Answer 8

Stroke, heart failure and CKD

Question 9

Diferencia entre mujeres y hombres en CVD

Answer 9

• Mortalidad dentro del primer año después de un primer IAM es más alto en mujeres (26%) que en hombres (19%)
• Mujeres tienen más alto riesgo de EVC
• Dislipidemia, DM, obesidad y tabaquismo confieren mayor riesgo para CAD en mujeres
• Mujeres cursan mayormente con síntomas atípicos de angina, retrasando Dx’s
• Mujeres con NSTMI tienen peores resultados (alta frecuencia de sangrado, HF, shock, kidney failure, stroke and reinfarction)

Question 10

Metabolic syndrome

Answer 10

Presencia de al menos 3 de los siguientes:

• Glucosa elevada
• Obesidad central
• HDL baja
• TGL altos
• TA alta

Question 11

CAD and diabetes

Answer 11

CAD is more extensive and the incidence of multi vessel disease is increased

Question 12

CAD and CKD

Answer 12

Risk for CVD related death is 5-30 times higher in patients undergoing dialysis

Microalbuminuria independently increases the risk for CV events

Patients undergoing hemodialysis do not benefit from secondary prevention with STATINS