Epidemiology and Diseases (Communicable and Non-Communicable)

Question 1

Defiinitions

Agent

Answer 1

Animate or inanimate entity that can cause disease, injury, or harm to another entity.

Ex: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 2

Defiinitions

Host

Answer 2

Living being that can contract and spread the disease

Ex: person with a compromised immune system

Question 3

Definitions

Environment

Answer 3

Factors external to the individual that can influence the risk or exposure to a disease.

Ex: enclosed interior space and poor ventilation

Question 4

Definitions

Morbidity

Answer 4

Usually represented or estimated using prevalence of incidence

Prevalence - existing cases
Incidence - new cases

Question 5

Definitions

Mortality

Answer 5

Number of deaths in a specified population over a particular time frame

Question 6

Definitions

Cohort Study

Answer 6

Follows a specific population over time

Can be retrospective or prospective

Question 7

Definitions

Case Control Study

Answer 7

“Controls” are individuals with a disease

Often used to investiagte illness outbreaks

Question 8

True or False

The four main types of non-communicable diseases are: cardiovascular disease, cancer, cholera, and diabetes.

Answer 8

False

CVD, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes

Question 9

Endemic or Pandemic

Malaria remains a consistent health concern in many parts of Africa, with the number of cases relatively stable year after year

Answer 9

Endemic

Disease that is regularly found and consistently present in a particular geographic area

Question 10

Endemic, Pandemic, or Epidemic

In 2014, there was a sudden and unexpected outbreak of measles in a specific city in the United States, despite the country having previously reported control over the disease.

Answer 10

Epidemic

Sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease above what is typically expected for a population in a specific area or during a particular time frame

Question 11

Endemic, Pandemic, or Epidemic

In 2003, there was a rapid spread of a severe respiratory disease in Asia that eventually reached more than two dozen countries in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia before it was contained.

Answer 11

Pandemic

Affected multiple continents and widespread occurrence

Question 12

Endemic, Pandemic, or Epidemic

In 2017, there was an unexpected rise in cases of Dengue fever in Sri Lanka, with over 185,000 cases reported, which was more than twice the annual average in the previous five years.

Answer 12

Epidemic

Sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease above what is typically expected for a population in a specific area or during a particular time frame