Epidemiology and Biostats (2 Questions)

Question 1

Cluster

Answer 1

Occurrence of a group of cases in a circumscribed

place and time

Question 2

Epidemic

Answer 2

Occurrence of a disease at a rate greater than expected

Question 3

Pandemic

Answer 3

Worldwide epidemic – crosses continental boundaries

Question 4

Endemic

Answer 4

Habitual presence of a disease within a given geographical area

Question 5

10 Steps for Outbreak Investigation (Their 13 steps are dumb)

Answer 5

1. Identify investigation team and resources
2. Establish existence of an outbreak
3. Verify the diagnosis
4. Construct case definition
5. Find cases systematically and develop line
   listing
6. Perform descriptive epidemiology/develop
   hypotheses
7. Evaluate hypotheses/perform additional
   studies as necessary
8. Implement control measures
9. Communicate findings
10. Maintain surveillance

Question 6

Case Definition (4 parts)

Answer 6

1. clinical information about the disease,
2. characteristics about the people who are affected,
3. information about the location or place, and
4. a specification of time during which the outbreak occurred

Question 7

Use of a case control vs a cohort

Answer 7

Case-control study to find risk factors and exposures since you already have known cases

Cohort study to find new cases and test exposure hypothesis since you know the exposures.

Question 8

What do we use to determine prevalence

Answer 8

Cross-sectional study

Question 9

Attack Rate = ?

Answer 9

Attack Rate = #Sick / (#Sick + #Well)

Question 10

Rate Ratio

Answer 10

Attack Rate of “Ate” / Attack Rate of “Did Not Eat”