Epidemiology

Question 1

Descriptive epidemiology

Answer 1

examines health outcomes

what, who, where, when

Question 2

Analytical epidemiology

Answer 2

• examines etiology (origin/cause)
• determinants of health

how it occur, why are some affected more than others

Question 3

Epidemiology

Answer 3

focus on population

determine causes of health and disease.

study of distribution of factors that determine health related states or events.

Question 4

Morbidity

Answer 4

occurence of disease in a population

Question 5

Mortality

Answer 5

number of deaths in population

fatality rate
infant mortality rate
proportionate mortality rate

Question 6

Proportion

Answer 6

type of ratio

total number
/
frequency of occurence

Question 7

Rate

Answer 7

• frequency of health event in specific population in a defined time period

example: 
 # of events / total population at risk

Question 8

Incidence rate

Answer 8

number of new cases of a disease/ total population

Question 9

Prevalance rate

Answer 9

number of persons who have a disease

(old and new cases)

Question 10

Population at risk

Answer 10

probability even small of experiencing an event

Question 11

Ratio

Answer 11

approximation of a risk

Question 12

Measures of Incidence

Answer 12

number of new cases or events

Question 13

Epidemic

Answer 13

incidence of dse increased

particular area or group

Question 14

Endemic

Answer 14

constant presence of dse

particular population or geographical area

Calgary, Toronto.

Question 15

Pandemic

Answer 15

geographically widespread area or large population

• canada, west africa, asia

Question 16

Case fatality rate (CFR)

Answer 16

diagnosed with particular disease

Question 17

Proportionate Mortality Ratio (PMR)

Answer 17

proportion of all deaths of specific cause and specific period

Question 18

Crude Mortality Rate

Answer 18

estimate of the risk of death

Question 19

Age specific mortality rate

Answer 19

of deaths among persons of a given AGE GROUP

Question 20

Cause Specific Mortality Rate

Answer 20

deaths from a SPECIFIC CAUSE

Question 21

Infant Mortality Rate

Answer 21

of infant deaths before 1 yr age

Question 22

Neonatal Mortality Rate

Answer 22

of infant deaths under 28 days age

Question 23

Postneonatal Mortality Rate

Answer 23

of infant deaths from 28 days age to 1 year

Question 24

Sensitivity

Answer 24

with the disease

Question 25

Specificity

Answer 25

who do not have the dse

Question 26

Positive predictive value

Answer 26

positive screening test have the dse

Question 27

Negative predictive value

Answer 27

negative screening test do not have the dse.

Question 28

Passive surveillance

Answer 28

hospital based

health dept waits for report

routine reporting

uses available data from hcare provider or regional health

regular collection and reporting of surveillance data and is the commonest method used to detect vaccine-preventable diseases

relies on an extensive network of health workers

Question 29

Active surveillance

Answer 29

searching / field visits
(hospitals/ community)

use for outbreaks or pilots

routine reminders

providers contacted on regular basis for collection of data

more resource intensive

Question 30

surveillance

Answer 30

“The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation , and dissemination of data about a health-related event for use in public health action to reduce morbidity and mortality and to improve health.”