Epidemiology Flashcards
What is epidemiology ?
The study of the distribution and deferments of health related states or events in a specific population and the application of this study to the control of health problems
What’s the difference between descriptive vs analytical epidemiology ?
Descriptive describes the …
Occurrence of a disease
Detriments within a population
Analytical …
Explored the quality and amount of influence that detriments have in the occurrence of disease
Explores how health events occur
Usually through studies with group comparisons
What are they 5Ws of descriptive epidemiology ?
What - health issue
Who - person
Where - place
When - is this annually ?
Why - causes, risk, factors, mode of transmission
Why is descriptive epidemiology important
Preventing / preparing
Eg making more more beds available in hospitals for flu season
Within the frame of analytic epidemiology there are two types of studies what are they ?
Experimental and observational
What is the difference between experimental and observational studies
In experimental you’re changing something eg drug and no drug
Observation is observing people no change is required
What are the types of experimental studies ?
Randomised control studies
Non randomised controlled study
What are the types of observational studies
Cohort studies
Case control studies
Cross sectional studies
What study looks at prevalence ?
Cross sectional
What study looks at incidence
Cohort
Expose - there are many potential factors that can impact on health outcomes
Explain an innate, acute, chronic, and time varying exposures
Innate - born with eg gender and race
Acute - covid, mother intake of alcohol
Chronic- poverty, smoke, pollution
Time varying exposures - excersise, eating habits, smoke
What is the prevalence of a disease
All cases of a disease / total population
What is incidence of a disease
New cases of a disease / population that can get the disease
What is a cross sectional study ?
An observational study that looks at the relationship between health related characteristics and other variables of interest within a defined population at one particular time
What is a case control study ?
An observational study that looks at persons with a disease or condition and a suitable control group of persons without the condition and comparing how frequently a suspected attribute or risk factor is present within each group
