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CHN > Epidemiology > Flashcards

Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

occurrence and distribution of diseases, defects, disability, or death

A

Epidemiology

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2
Q

purpose of epidemiology

A

identify and prevent factors causing disease

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3
Q

uses

A
  1. history of population
  2. diagnosis of health
  3. working conditions
  4. estimation of risks
  5. identify syndromes
  6. clinical picture
  7. causes of diseases
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4
Q

Outline plan

A

1.Establish fact of presence
2. Establish time and space relationship
3. Relations to characteristics
4. Correlation of data

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5
Q

Establish facts of presence of epidemic

A
  1. Verify diagnosis
  2. Reporting
  3. Unusual prevalence
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6
Q

Establish time and space relationship of the diseases

A
  1. Limitations of cases
  2. Days, weeks or months
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7
Q

Relations to characteristics of group of community

A
  1. Age, sex, color, occupation, etc.
  2. Sanitary facilities: water supply, sewerage disposal, vectors
  3. Milk and food supply
  4. Known carriers
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8
Q

Correlation of all data obtained

A
  1. Summarization through tables and charts
  2. Final conclusion
  3. Establish source, manner of spread
  4. Suggestions for control
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9
Q

Collection of Lab specimen

A
  1. Rectal swabbing
  2. Food sampling
  3. Vomit, feces, blood
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10
Q

Treatments

A
  1. Analgesic
  2. Antibiotic
  3. Parenteral fluids
  4. Supportive/Emergency drugs
  5. Isolation
  6. Boiling & disinfection
  7. Admission
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11
Q

Immunization Campaign

A

> type of vax
disage, sched, technique
areas
target popu
evaluation of data

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12
Q

Envi Sanitation

A

> Water
Toilets
Garbage disposal
Insect & Vermin Control
Food sanitation

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13
Q

Health Education

A

> Individual
Community
School, Church

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14
Q

Other Agencies

A

> Public
Private
Civic
Religious
Voluntary Orgs

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15
Q

Reporting

A

> Telegraphic
Written

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16
Q

Evaluation & Research

A

> Assessment
Recommendation

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17
Q

Functions of nurse

A

> Maintains surveillance
Coordinates with members of team and community agencies
Case finding
Isolate cases of communicable
Renders care, teach, supervise
Performs methods of terminal disinfection
Follow up and refer cases
Keep records for submission

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18
Q

Vital Stats

A

systematic study of vital events

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19
Q

stats on popu and characteristics

A

NSO - PSA

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20
Q

birth and death certs

A

Office of Local civil Registrar

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21
Q

VS Sources of Data

A
  1. Population Census
  2. Registration of Vital Data
  3. Health Surveys
  4. Studies and Research
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22
Q

attributes observed like sex or race

A

Qualitative

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23
Q

variable that is measured: heigh, weight

A

Quantitative

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24
Q

Picking or selecting certain relationships

A

Random Sampling

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25
Q

Techniques of Data Collection

A
  1. Observation
  2. Interviews
  3. Survey
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26
Q

list of information that determines the health

A

Health Indicators

27
Q

shows the relationship between a vital event and those persons exposed to the occurrence of said event

A

Rate

28
Q

describe the relationship between two (2) numerical quantities

A

Ratio

29
Q

total living population

A

Crude or General Rates

30
Q

specific population class // limits the occurrence

A

Specific Rates

31
Q

natural growth or increase of a population

A

Crude Birth Rate

32
Q

formula of CBR

A

CBR = total # of LB per yr x 1000 / estimated popu as of July 1 same yr

33
Q

number of births occurring during a calendar year to women of childbearing age (15 – 49 years)

A

Gender fertility Rate

34
Q

GFR formula

A

GFR = total # of LB per yr x 1000 / midyear female popu (15-49)

35
Q

mortality from all causes which may result in a decrease of population

A

Crude Death rate

36
Q

CDR formula

A

CDR = total # of deaths per yr x 1000 / estimated popu as of july 1

37
Q

risk of dying the 1 st year of life

A

Infant Mortality Rate

38
Q

IMR formula

A

IMR = total # of deaths under 1 yo per yr x 1000 / total # of LB same yr

39
Q

risk of dying from causes related to pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium

A

Maternal Mortality Rate

40
Q

MMR formula

A

MMR = total # of deaths from maternal causes per yr x 1000 / total # of LB births

41
Q

pregnancy wastage, Death of a product of conception occurs to its complete expulsion, irrespective of duration or pregnancy

A

Fetal Death Rate

42
Q

FDR formula

A

FDR = total # of fetal deaths per yr x 1000 / total # of LB same yr

43
Q

risk of dying during the 1 st month of life

A

Neonatal Death Rate

44
Q

NDR formula

A

NDR = total # of deaths below 28 days in a yr x 1000 / numbered of LB

45
Q

risk of exposure of certain classes or groups to particular diseases

A

Specific Death Rate

46
Q

SDR formula

A

SDR = deaths in specific class x 100000 / estimated popu as of July 1

47
Q

frequency of occurrences of the phenomenon during a given period of time

A

Incident Rate

48
Q

IR formula

A

No. of cases of a particular disease registered in a given calendar year x 100,000 / estimated popu as pf July 1

49
Q

proportion of the population //

A

Prevalence Rate

50
Q

PR formula

A

of new old cases of diseases during period of time x 3000 / estimated

51
Q

risk of exposure

A

Attack Rate

52
Q

AR formula

A

AR = # of persons with diseases x 1000 / estimated popu as of july 1

53
Q

numerical relationship between deaths from a cause (or groups of causes), age (or groups of age)

A

Proportionate mortality rate

54
Q

=zee

A

PMR = # of death from cause or age per yr x 100 / # of deaths from all causes

55
Q

mortality of elderly people

A

Swaroops Index

56
Q

SI formula

A

SI = no. of death above 40 and more x 100 / total deaths

57
Q

killing power of a disease

A

Case Fataility Rate

58
Q

CFR formula

A

CFR = # of cases from specific disease

59
Q

minimum percentage that can be safely considered as the representative of the whole community

A

30% Rep
60% The Quorum

60
Q

whole percetage

A

100%

61
Q

Problems in Data Gathering

A
  1. Uncooperative community
  2. Defective/Inappropriate Questionnaires
  3. Too many deadfiles
  4. Inconsistent Data
62
Q

Preventive Measures

A

> Proper information dissemination
Gen Ass or meeting
Proper explaining

63
Q

Data Presentation

A

> Line or Curve
Bar graphs
Area Diagram

64
Q

Health Stats importance

A

> tool in planning, implementing, etc.
indices of health condition
provide variables to nature
basis for success

CHN (1 decks)

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