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biostats lab > epidemiology > Flashcards

epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

preventive and social medicine
scientific discipline
study disease in the community to acquire knowledge for the health care of the society

A

epidemiology

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2
Q

first epidemiologist

A

hippocrates

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3
Q

founder of demography

A

john graunt

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4
Q

founder of medical statistics and modern surveillance

A

william farr

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5
Q

core epidemiological functions

A
  1. public health surveillance
  2. field investigations
  3. analytic studies
  4. evaluation
  5. linkages
  6. policy development
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6
Q

development of disease over time
absence of treatment and intervention
starts from exposure until outcome occurs

A

natural history and spectrum of disease

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7
Q

persons who are infectious
subclinical disease

A

carriers

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8
Q

time of disease initiation

A

induction

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9
Q

time of symptoms

A

incubation

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10
Q

time of detection - non communnicable
infectiousness - communicable

A

latency

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11
Q

disease that occurs infrequently or irregulary

A

sporadic

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12
Q

constant presence or usual prevalence of disease within an area

A

endemic

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13
Q

persistent high levels of disease occurrence

A

hyperendemic

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14
Q

sudden increase in number of cases of disease in the population

A

epidemic

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15
Q

same as epidemic but within for limited area

A

outbreak

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16
Q

epidemic that spread over several countries or continents

A

pandemic

17
Q

quantify how useful a test is for a given disease or condition

A

measures of diagnostic efficiency

18
Q

individuals with the disease who test positively

A

diagnostic sensitivity

19
Q

individuals without disease who test negatively

A

diagnostic specificity

20
Q

probability that subject with positive result truly has the disease

A

positive predictive value (PPV)

21
Q

doesn’t have the disease will be tested negative

A

negative predictive value (NPV)

22
Q

sensitivity

A

TP/TP+FN

23
Q

specificity

A

TN/TN+FP

24
Q

PPV

A

TP/TP+FP

25
Q

NPV

A

TN/FN+TN

26
Q

information for action
ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health data
monitor pulse of the community

A

public health surveillance

27
Q

requires coordinated efforts of dozens of people
often lead to identification of additional unreported or unrecognized ill persons

A

field investigation

biostats lab (3 decks)

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