Epidemiological Studies

Question 1

Ecological

Answer 1

comparisons of geographical locations

Question 2

Cross Sectional

Answer 2

a survey, health questionnaire, “snapshot in time”

Question 3

Case-Control

Answer 3

compare people with and without disease to find common exposures

Question 4

Cohort

Answer 4

compare people with and without exposures to see what happens to each

Question 5

Randomized Controlled Trial

Answer 5

human experiment that randomly assigns participants to an experimental or control group

Question 6

Quasi Experiments

Answer 6

research similarities with traditional experimental design or RCT, but lack element of random assignment to treatment/control; participants are assigned a group based on non-random criteria

Question 7

Trial Advantages

Answer 7

Most Scientifically Sound
Best Measure of Exposure

Question 8

Trial Disadvantages

Answer 8

Time Consuming
Unethical for Harmful Exposures
Most Expensive

Question 9

Cohort Study advantages

Answer 9

Most Accurate Observational Study
Good Measure of Exposure
Correct Time Sequence
Good for Rare Exposures
Easy Risk Calculation

Question 10

Cohort Study disadvantages

Answer 10

Time Consuming
Expensive
Bad for Rare Diseases
Possible Loss of Follow-up

Question 11

Case-Control Study advantages

Answer 11

Can Study Rare Diseases
Relatively Less Expensive and Relatively Fast
Good for Rare Diseases
Good for Long Latency Periods

Question 12

Case-Control Study disadvantages

Answer 12

Possible Time-Order Confusion
Error in Recalling Exposure
Only 1 outcome

Question 13

Cross-Sectional Study advantages

Answer 13

Fastest
Least Expensive
Good for More Than 1 Outcome